
Dutch Parliamentary Election Study 2021 > Part 3
Single Wave Study
General Information
Title
Part 3
Project Number
277.3
Abstract
This survey is part of the Dutch Parliamentary Elections Study 2021. This was the third questionnaire (out of three).
Longitudinal Type
Single Wave Study
Begin date
05-04-2021
End date
16-05-2021
Note
The datasets only concern the data collected in the LISS panel in the context of the "Nationaal Kiezersonderzoek" (Dutch Parliamentary Election Studies).
For the complete dataset of the NKO, we refer to DANS: https://easy.dans.knaw.nl/ui/datasets/id/easy-dataset:34410
Topics
Researcher
Take Sipma (Radboud University), Tom van der Meer (University of Amsterdam)
Publisher
Centerdata
Copyright
© 2023 Centerdata
DOI
https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-zn6-ma4y
Funding Organization
Dutch Foundation for Electoral Research (SKON)
ODISSEI
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
ODISSEI
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
Datasets and documentation
View Documentation
Codebook in English
Codebook in Dutch
Data Files
English SPSS file
English STATA file
English CSV file
Variables
Variable name | Variable Label |
---|---|
nomem_encr | Number of the household member encrypted |
tu21a_m | Year and month of the field work period |
tu21a001 | Order of items tu21a099 to tu21a104: first position |
tu21a002 | Order of items tu21a099 to tu21a104: second position |
tu21a003 | Order of items tu21a099 to tu21a104: third position |
tu21a004 | Order of items tu21a099 to tu21a104: fourth position |
tu21a005 | Order of items tu21a099 to tu21a104: fifth position |
tu21a006 | Order of items tu21a099 to tu21a104: sixth position |
tu21a007 | Random variable to determine question variant for tu21a135 (in conjunction with answer for tu21a079) |
tu21a008 | Random variable to determine question variant for tu21a136 (in conjunction with answer for tu21a093) |
tu21a009 | Random variable to determine question variant for tu21a137 (in conjunction with answer for tu21a112) |
tu21a010 | Would you please tell for every statement whether you think this is true or not. MP’s do not care about the opinion of people like me. |
tu21a011 | Would you please tell for every statement whether you think this is true or not. Political parties are only interested in my vote and not in my opinion. |
tu21a012 | Would you please tell for every statement whether you think this is true or not. People like me have absolutely no influence on governmental policy. |
tu21a013 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement. I am capable to play an active role in politics. |
tu21a014 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement. I understand the most important political issues of this country. |
tu21a015 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politicians are honest. |
tu21a016 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politicians are profiteers. |
tu21a017 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politicians keep their promises. |
tu21a018 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politicians in The Hague do not care about my region. |
tu21a019 | How plausible do you thinks the following statements are? There are secret organizations that greatly influence political decisions |
tu21a020 | How plausible do you thinks the following statements are? Many very important things happen in the world, which the public is never informed about. |
tu21a021 | Are you a member of a: Environmental organization |
tu21a022 | Are you a member of a: Third world, human rights or peace organization |
tu21a023 | Are you a member of a: Trade union |
tu21a024 | Are you a member of a: Professional organization |
tu21a025 | Are you a member of a: Employers' organization |
tu21a026 | Are you a member of a: Church, mosque, synagogue, temple or other ideological organization |
tu21a027 | Are you a member of a: Other (1): |
tu21a028 | Are you a member of a: Other (2): |
tu21a029 | Are you a member of a: None of the above |
tu21a030 | Are you a member of a: Other, namely (1): |
tu21a031 | Auxiliary variable: tu21a030 on route |
tu21a032 | Are you a member of a: Other, namely (2): |
tu21a033 | Auxiliary variable: tu21a032 on route |
tu21a034 | Suppose that parliament considers a bill that you feel is extremely unjust or wrong. How great is the chance that you would attempt to do something about it? |
tu21a035 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? Try to get radio, TV or newspaper involved |
tu21a036 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? Try to involve political party or organization |
tu21a037 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? Participate in a meeting organized by government |
tu21a038 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? Contact politician or civil servant |
tu21a039 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? Contact politician through social media |
tu21a040 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? Join a civic action group |
tu21a041 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? Join a demonstration |
tu21a042 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? Use social media |
tu21a043 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? Use internet, email or SMS without social media |
tu21a044 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? Do other things to influence government |
tu21a045 | Would you indicate for each of the following possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years to bring something to the attention within politics? None of the above |
tu21a046 | Do you think the Dutch EU membership in general is: |
tu21a047 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements. The Prime Minister should be directly elected by the voters. |
tu21a048 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements. On some of the important decisions that are to be made in our country voters should be able to vote by means of a referendum. |
tu21a049 | What do you think, should it be possible to organize a referendum on: International treaties |
tu21a050 | What do you think, should it be possible to organize a referendum on: Budget |
tu21a051 | What do you think, should it be possible to organize a referendum on: Other laws |
tu21a052 | If it is possible to only vote for a party instead of a candidate, would you vote for a party? |
tu21a053 | What would be the most important reason to vote for a party instead of a candidate? |
tu21a054 | What would be the most important reason to vote for a party instead of a candidate? Other, namely |
tu21a055 | Auxiliary variable: tu21a054 on route |
tu21a056 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Churches |
tu21a057 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Mosques |
tu21a058 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Synagogues |
tu21a059 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Army |
tu21a060 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Judges |
tu21a061 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Press |
tu21a062 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Police |
tu21a063 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Government |
tu21a064 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? National parliament |
tu21a065 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Civil servants |
tu21a066 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Big companies |
tu21a067 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? European Union |
tu21a068 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? NATO |
tu21a069 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Banks |
tu21a070 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Science |
tu21a071 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? RIVM |
tu21a072 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Political parties |
tu21a073 | Would you indicate for each of the following institutions how much you trust them? Party voted for in 2021 parliamentary elections |
tu21a074 | How widespread do you think corruption is among politicians in the Netherlands? |
tu21a075 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement. Religion is a good guide in politics. |
tu21a076 | Are you satisfied or dissatisfied about the state of health service in the Netherlands nowadays? |
tu21a077 | In general, do you think that most people can be trusted; or do you think one cannot be careful enough in dealing with others? |
tu21a078 | Would you say that over the past twelve months, the state of the economy in the Netherlands has gotten better, stayed about the same, or has gotten worse? |
tu21a079 | Where would you place yourself on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means differences in income should be increased and 7 means that differences in income should be decreased. |
tu21a080 | Please say to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement: The government should take measures to reduce differences in income levels. |
tu21a081 | Where would you yourself on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the corona-pandemic should be controlled and 7 means that businesses, shops and restaurant should stay open. |
tu21a082 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement. The corona-measures are more harmful than the coronavirus itself. |
tu21a083 | How likely or unlikely do you thinks the following statements are? The corona outbreak is used to take away citizen’s rights |
tu21a084 | How likely or unlikely do you thinks the following statements are? The coronavirus is fabricated by big companies to sell medicines |
tu21a085 | How likely or unlikely do you thinks the following statements are? The coronavirus is a biological weapon that has been fabricated in a laboratory |
tu21a086 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I feel connected to the Netherlands and the Dutch people. |
tu21a087 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I am proud to be Dutch. |
tu21a088 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? There is no better country than the Netherlands. |
tu21a089 | To be a true Dutchman, it is very important, fairly important, not very important or not important at all... to have been born in the Netherlands. |
tu21a090 | To be a true Dutchman, it is very important, fairly important, not very important or not important at all... to have Dutch ancestry. |
tu21a091 | To be a true Dutchman, it is very important, fairly important, not very important or not important at all... to be able to speak Dutch. |
tu21a092 | To be a true Dutchman, it is very important, fairly important, not very important or not important at all... to follow Dutch customs and traditions. |
tu21a093 | Where would you place yourself on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means preservation of own culture for foreigners and 7 means that they should fully adapt? |
tu21a094 | The will of the majority should always prevail, even over the rights of minorities. |
tu21a095 | Ethnic minorities should adapt to the customs and traditions of the Netherlands. |
tu21a096 | Immigrants are generally good for the Dutch economy. |
tu21a097 | The Dutch culture is threatened by immigrants. |
tu21a098 | Immigrants increase crime rates in the Netherlands. |
tu21a099 | How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? People of colour |
tu21a100 | How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? Women |
tu21a101 | How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? Elderly |
tu21a102 | How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? People with a migration background |
tu21a103 | How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? White, native Dutch people |
tu21a104 | How often do you think that the following groups are discriminated against in the Netherlands? Lower educated |
tu21a105 | The police should be able to control people on their ethnic background |
tu21a106 | Tax authorities should be able to control people on their ethnic background |
tu21a107 | The Dutch government should apologize for their role in slave trade during the 17th, 18th and 19th century |
tu21a108 | Street names and statues that glorify the Dutch colonial past should not be in the public space |
tu21a109 | I think that we, the Dutch, own this country |
tu21a110 | I feel that this country belongs to us, the Dutch |
tu21a111 | Which of the following statements are closest to your own opinion? |
tu21a112 | How would you place yourself on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that the measures against climate change have gone too far and 7 that the measures should go further. |
tu21a113 | Where would you place yourself on a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means nuclear power plants should be built quickly and 7 means that they shouldn’t be built. |
tu21a114 | There is something wrong with people who neither feel like a man nor like a women |
tu21a115 | If someone has thought it through, a sex change can be a good idea |
tu21a116 | Homosexual couples should have the same right to adopt children as heterosexual couples |
tu21a117 | We would also like to ask about your own sexuality. How do you see yourself? |
tu21a118 | We would also like to ask about your own sexuality. How do you see yourself? Other, namely |
tu21a119 | Auxiliary variable: tu21a118 on route |
tu21a120 | When you think of your own political beliefs, where would you place yourself on this line? Please select the number that applies to you. |
tu21a121 | What people call compromise in politics is really just selling out on one's principles. |
tu21a122 | Most politicians do not care about the people. |
tu21a123 | Most politicians are trustworthy. |
tu21a124 | Politicians are the main problem in the Netherlands. |
tu21a125 | Having a strong leader in government is good for the Netherlands even if the leader bends the rules to get things done. |
tu21a126 | The people, and not politicians, should make our most important policy decisions. |
tu21a127 | Most politicians care only about the interests of the rich and powerful. |
tu21a128 | Politicians in parliament should be guided by the will of the people. |
tu21a129 | Political differences between the elite and ordinary people are bigger than the differences that among citizens |
tu21a130 | I would rather be represented by an ordinary citizen than by a career politician. |
tu21a131 | Politicians talk too much and do too little. |
tu21a132 | How many times more do you think the 10% households with the highest incomes earn compared to the 10% households with the lowest incomes? |
tu21a133 | What do you think is currently the share of immigrants in the Netherlands? |
tu21a134 | How convinced are you that climate change is mainly caused by human activity? |
tu21a135 | How do you assess people who [think income differences should be smaller / think income differences should be bigger / think different than you about reducing or enlarging income differences]? |
tu21a136 | How do you assess people who [think foreigners should fully adjust to Dutch culture / keep their own culture / think different than you about the question whether foreigners should keep their own culture or adjust to the Dutch culture]? |
tu21a137 | How do you assess people who [think government’s measures against climate change should go further / have gone too far / think different than you about whether government’s measures have gone too far or should go further]? |
tu21a138 | Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7; 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? VVD (Liberal party) |
tu21a139 | Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7; 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? PVV (Wilders freedom party) |
tu21a140 | Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7; 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? CDA (Christian democrat party) |
tu21a141 | Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7; 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? D66 (social-liberal party) |
tu21a142 | Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7; 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? GroenLinks (green party) |
tu21a143 | Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7; 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? SP (Socialist party) |
tu21a144 | Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7; 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? PvdA (Labor party) |
tu21a145 | Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7; 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? ChristenUnie (Christian union party) |
tu21a146 | Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7; 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? Forum voor Democratie (Party for Democracy) |
tu21a147 | Where would you place the political parties on a line from 1 to 7; 1 meaning euthanasia should be forbidden and 7 meaning euthanasia should be possible? Where would you place yourself on this line? |
tu21a148 | Would you say that any of the parties in the Netherlands represent your views reasonably well? |
tu21a149 | Which party represents your views best? |
tu21a150 | Which party represents your views best? Other party, namely |
tu21a151 | Auxiliary variable: tu21a150 on route |
tu21a152 | Do you consider yourself to be an adherent of a political party? |
tu21a153 | Would you consider yourself to be a convinced adherent? |
tu21a154 | Do you feel yourself a little closer to one of the political parties than the others? |
tu21a155 | To which party are you an adherent to or to which party do you feel attracted? |
tu21a156 | To which party are you an adherent to or to which party do you feel attracted? Other party, namely |
tu21a157 | Auxiliary variable: tu21a156 on route |
tu21a158 | If you had to choose, which of the following qualities do you consider to be the most important? A child is independent / A child has respect for the elderly |
tu21a159 | If you had to choose, which of the following qualities do you consider to be the most important? A child is curious / A child is good mannered |
tu21a160 | If you had to choose, which of the following qualities do you consider to be the most important? A child is obedient / A child is self-reliant |
tu21a161 | If you had to choose, which of the following qualities do you consider to be the most important? A child is considerate / A child is well behaved |
tu21a162 | An ideal society requires some groups to be on top and others to be on the bottom |
tu21a163 | Some groups of people are simply inferior to other groups |
tu21a164 | No group should be in charge |
tu21a165 | Groups at the bottom are just as deserving as groups at the top |
tu21a166 | Group equality should not be our primary goal |
tu21a167 | It is unjust to try to make groups equal |
tu21a168 | We should do what we can to equalize conditions for different groups |
tu21a169 | We should work to give all groups an equal chance to succeed |
tu21a170 | I am uninterested in putting myself in another’s shoes if I am upset with them |
tu21a171 | I like trying to understand what might be going through my friends’ minds |
tu21a172 | I am usually successful in judging if someone says one thing but means another |
tu21a173 | I’m not very good at predicting what other people will do |
tu21a174 | I am not very good at ‘putting myself in others’ shoes |
tu21a175 | As things stand at the moment, I find it hard to be hopeful about the future of the world |
tu21a176 | For most people in the Netherlands, life is getting worse rather than better |
tu21a177 | When thinking about the Netherlands, to what extent do you feel nostalgic about… the good old days of the Netherlands |
tu21a178 | When thinking about the Netherlands, to what extent do you feel nostalgic about… the sort of place the Netherlands was before |
tu21a179 | Where would you place yourself in a line from 1 to 7, where 1 means that more asylum seekers should be allowed to enter and 7 means that asylum seekers should be sent back? |
tu21a180 | There are too many people of foreign origin or descent in the Netherlands |
tu21a181 | What we need are less laws and institutions, and more brave, tireless and loyal leaders who the people can trust |
tu21a182 | Did you become more or less agreeing with the following statement: Foreigners should adapt to the Dutch culture. I became/am… |
tu21a183 | And what do you think of the society in general? Society became/is … |
tu21a184 | Did you become more or less agreeing with the following statement: There are too many people of foreign origin or descent in the Netherlands. I became/am … |
tu21a185 | And what do you think of the society in general? Society became/is … |
tu21a186 | Did you become more or less agreeing with the following statement: Income differences in the Netherlands should be decreased. I became/am... |
tu21a187 | And what do you think of the society in general? Society became/is … |
tu21a188 | Did you become more or less agreeing with the following statement: Measures against climate change have gone too far. I became/am... |
tu21a189 | And what do you think of the society in general? Society became/is … |
tu21a190 | Are you more or less satisfied with democracy in the Netherlands than four years ago? I became/am … |
tu21a191 | And what do you think of the society in general? Society became/is … |
tu21a192 | Do you have more or less trust in the Dutch parliament than four years ago? I have … |
tu21a193 | And what do you think of the society in general? Society has … |
tu21a194 | In politics people sometimes talk about “left” and “right”. Are you more left or more right than four years ago? I became/am … |
tu21a195 | And what do you think of the society in general? Society became/has… |
tu21a196 | Now we present you a number of questions about crime in the Netherlands. Are the crime rates in the Netherlands increased, stayed the same or decreased? |
tu21a197 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? Burglary or attempted burglary (of your home, shed or garage) |
tu21a198 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? Theft of your wallet or purse, handbag, or other personal possession (in the street, from a wardrobe, etc.) |
tu21a199 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? You bought something via the Internet, but did not receive the product. |
tu21a200 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? You sold something via the internet, but did not receive a payment |
tu21a201 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? Wreckage of your car or other private property (garden, bicycle, etc.) |
tu21a202 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? Maltreatment of such serious nature that it required medical attention |
tu21a203 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? Maltreatment that did not require medical attention |
tu21a204 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? Intimidation by email, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, WhatsApp or any other electronic channel |
tu21a205 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? Intimidation by any other means (e.g. by letter, telephone, or face-to-face) |
tu21a206 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? Someone has used your personal information for identity fraud |
tu21a207 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? Other |
tu21a208 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? None |
tu21a209 | Could you please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to it in the last 12 months? Other, namely: |
tu21a210 | Auxiliary variable: tu21a209 on route |
tu21a211 | To what extent have you experienced the incident as serious? |
tu21a212 | In politics it is not always possible for people to achieve what they want. Below there are several goals which one may pursue. If you had to choose, which goal would you consider to be most desirable? |
tu21a213 | And what would be your second choice? |
tu21a214 | If you had to choose, which goal would you consider to be most desirable? |
tu21a215 | And what would be your second choice? |
tu21a216 | If you had to choose, which goal would you consider to be most desirable? |
tu21a217 | And what would be your second choice? |
tu21a218 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? Poor and rich people |
tu21a219 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? People from different religious groups |
tu21a220 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? High- and low-educated people |
tu21a221 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? Old and young people |
tu21a222 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? People with different political orientations |
tu21a223 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? Politically left and right people |
tu21a224 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? Men and women |
tu21a225 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? The elite and the people |
tu21a226 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? People with different sexual orientations |
tu21a227 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? Managers and workers |
tu21a228 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? Progressive and conservative people |
tu21a229 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? People with and without a migration background |
tu21a230 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? Working and unemployed people |
tu21a231 | In your opinion, how much conflict is there between each of the following societal groups in the Netherlands? Muslims and non-Muslims |
tu21a232 | Was it difficult to answer the questions? |
tu21a233 | Were the questions sufficiently clear? |
tu21a234 | Did the questionnaire get you thinking about things? |
tu21a235 | Was it an interesting subject? |
tu21a236 | Did you enjoy answering the questions? |
tu21a237 | Starting date questionnaire |
tu21a238 | Starting time questionnaire |
tu21a239 | End date questionnaire |
tu21a240 | End time questionnaire |
tu21a241 | Duration questionnaire in seconds |
Response Information
Response Overview
Selected number of household members: 2,717 (100.0%)Non-response: 598 (22.0%)
Response: 2,119 (78.0%)
Complete: 2,070 (76.2%)
Incomplete: 49 (1.8%)
Collection Events
Period
05-04-2021 to 27-04-2021
Sample
Random sample 18 years and older (same sample for all three parts).
Collection Mode
internet survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents.
Period
03-05-2021 to 16-05-2021
Sample
Non-respondents of the first measurement.
Collection Mode
internet survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents.
Publications
Smeekes, A.,
et al. (2024). Our gloomy future and glorious past: societal discontent, national nostalgia and support for populist radical-right parties in the Netherlands. Frontiers in Political Science, first published online May 24, 2024.