Effects of the outbreak of COVID-19 > Part 1
Longitudinal Wave
General Information
Title
Part 1
Project Number
206.1
Abstract
The objective of this research is to obtain a clear picture of the societal effects of the outbreak of COVID-19 (the corona virus) and the handing of the outbreak in the Netherlands. The study also contains questions asked in similar panels in Germany and in the United States to make a comparison possible.
Longitudinal Type
Longitudinal Wave
Begin date
20-03-2020
End date
31-03-2020
Researcher
Hans-Martin von Gaudecker (Bonn University); Maarten van Rooij (DNB); Mauro Mastrogiacomo (DNB)
Publisher
CentERdata
Copyright
© 2021 CentERdata
Funding Organization
De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB)
ODISSEI
Bonn University
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
ODISSEI
Bonn University
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
DOI
https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-xmz-8f3s
Datasets and documentation
View Documentation
Codebook in English
Codebook in Dutch
Data Files
English SPSS file
English STATA file
English CSV file
Variables
| Variable name | Variable Label | Variable Type |
|---|---|---|
| nomem_encr | Number of the household member encrypted | preloaded |
| py20a_m | Year and month of the field work period | constructed |
| py20a001 | How likely do you think that the following events will happen in the next two months due to the coronavirus? you will be infected | directly measured |
| py20a002 | How likely do you think that the following events will happen in the next two months due to the coronavirus? someone in your immediate vicinity (family, friends, colleagues) will be infected | directly measured |
| py20a003 | How likely do you think that the following events will happen in the next two months due to the coronavirus? you will have to go to hospital if you get infected | directly measured |
| py20a004 | How likely do you think that the following events will happen in the next two months due to the coronavirus? you will be quarantined whether or not you are infected | directly measured |
| py20a005 | How likely do you think that the following events will happen in the next two months due to the coronavirus? you will get infected and you will infect someone else | directly measured |
| py20a006 | How high do you think is the chance that in the next two months the following people who are infected with the coronavirus will [..]? an otherwise healthy 30-year-old will have to be hospitalized | directly measured |
| py20a007 | How high do you think is the chance that in the next two months the following people who are infected with the coronavirus will [..]? an otherwise healthy 30-year-old will die | directly measured |
| py20a008 | How high do you think is the chance that in the next two months the following people who are infected with the coronavirus will [..]? an otherwise healthy 75-year-old will have to be hospitalized | directly measured |
| py20a009 | How high do you think is the chance that in the next two months the following people who are infected with the coronavirus will [..]? an otherwise healthy 75-year-old will die | directly measured |
| py20a010 | How high do you think is the chance that in the next two months the following people who are infected with the coronavirus will [..]? an otherwise healthy 5-year-old will have to be hospitalized | directly measured |
| py20a011 | How high do you think is the chance that in the next two months the following people who are infected with the coronavirus will [..]? an otherwise healthy 5-year-old will die | directly measured |
| py20a012 | How high do you think is the chance that in the next two months the following people who are infected with the coronavirus will [..]? a 30-year-old with diabetes and chronic cardiovascular disease will have to be hospitalized | directly measured |
| py20a013 | How high do you think is the chance that in the next two months the following people who are infected with the coronavirus will [..]? a 30-year-old with diabetes and chronic cardiovascular disease will die | directly measured |
| py20a014 | How high do you think is the chance that in the next two months the following people who are infected with the coronavirus will [..]? a 75-year-old with diabetes and chronic cardiovascular disease will have to be hospitalized | directly measured |
| py20a015 | How high do you think is the chance that in the next two months the following people who are infected with the coronavirus will [..]? a 75-year-old with diabetes and chronic cardiovascular disease will die | directly measured |
| py20a016 | Which of the following recommendations did you act upon in the past week? Avoid crowded places | directly measured |
| py20a017 | Which of the following recommendations did you act upon in the past week? Avoid public places | directly measured |
| py20a018 | Which of the following recommendations did you act upon in the past week? Keep a distance from others (1.5 meters) | directly measured |
| py20a019 | Which of the following recommendations did you act upon in the past week? Change school or work arrangements | directly measured |
| py20a020 | Which of the following recommendations did you act upon in the past week? Quarantine yourself because you have symptoms | directly measured |
| py20a021 | Which of the following recommendations did you act upon in the past week? Quarantine yourself even if you do not have symptoms | directly measured |
| py20a022 | Which of the following recommendations did you act upon in the past week? None of the above | directly measured |
| py20a023 | In your opinion, how effective are the following actions for protecting yourself against the coronavirus? Wearing a face mask | directly measured |
| py20a024 | In your opinion, how effective are the following actions for protecting yourself against the coronavirus? Praying | directly measured |
| py20a025 | In your opinion, how effective are the following actions for protecting yourself against the coronavirus? Washing your hands with soap or using hand sanitizer frequently | directly measured |
| py20a026 | In your opinion, how effective are the following actions for protecting yourself against the coronavirus? Seeing a doctor if you feel sick | directly measured |
| py20a027 | In your opinion, how effective are the following actions for protecting yourself against the coronavirus? Seeing a doctor if you feel healthy, but worry that you were exposed to the virus | directly measured |
| py20a028 | In your opinion, how effective are the following actions for protecting yourself against the coronavirus? Avoiding public spaces, gatherings, and crowds | directly measured |
| py20a029 | In your opinion, how effective are the following actions for protecting yourself against the coronavirus? Avoiding contact with people who could be high-risk | directly measured |
| py20a030 | In your opinion, how effective are the following actions for protecting yourself against the coronavirus? Avoiding hospitals and clinics | directly measured |
| py20a031 | In your opinion, how effective are the following actions for protecting yourself against the coronavirus? Avoiding cafes and restaurants | directly measured |
| py20a032 | In your opinion, how effective are the following actions for protecting yourself against the coronavirus? Avoiding the use of public transportation | directly measured |
| py20a033 | In the past seven days, have you had personal, social contact with older people? | directly measured |
| py20a034 | Under the given circumstances, how effective are the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus, do you think? Closing day-care and schools | directly measured |
| py20a035 | Under the given circumstances, how effective are the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus, do you think? Closing sports clubs, fitness clubs etc. | directly measured |
| py20a036 | Under the given circumstances, how effective are the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus, do you think? Closing cafes and restaurants | directly measured |
| py20a037 | Under the given circumstances, how effective are the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus, do you think? Closing all shops except for supermarkets and pharmacies | directly measured |
| py20a038 | Under the given circumstances, how effective are the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus, do you think? Allowing no visitors in hospitals, nursing homes and elderly homes | directly measured |
| py20a039 | Under the given circumstances, how effective are the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus, do you think? Obliging people aged 70 and over or with a medical condition to stay at home [...] | directly measured |
| py20a040 | Under the given circumstances, how effective are the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus, do you think? Obliging everyone who does not work in a crucial profession [...] to stay at home [...] | directly measured |
| py20a041 | Under the given circumstances, do you disagree or agree with the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus? All day-care and schools must remain closed | directly measured |
| py20a042 | Under the given circumstances, do you disagree or agree with the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus? All cafes and restaurants must remain closed | directly measured |
| py20a043 | Under the given circumstances, do you disagree or agree with the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus? All shops except for supermarkets and pharmacies must be closed | directly measured |
| py20a044 | Under the given circumstances, do you disagree or agree with the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus? No visitors are allowed in hospitals, nursing homes and elderly homes | directly measured |
| py20a045 | Under the given circumstances, do you disagree or agree with the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus? Everyone aged 70 and over or with a medical condition must remain at home [...] | directly measured |
| py20a046 | Under the given circumstances, do you disagree or agree with the following (possible) policy measures against spreading the coronavirus? Everyone who does not work in a crucial profession [...] must stay at home [...] | directly measured |
| py20a047 | For how long do you think the restrictions that are in place now (in everyday life) will remain in effect? | directly measured |
| py20a048 | If the government mandates everyone who does not work in a crucial profession, to stay at home (except to do basic shopping), how many individuals out of 100 would do so, do you think? | directly measured |
| py20a049 | Would you stay at home? | directly measured |
| py20a050 | For what reasons would you stay at home? It is my civic duty | directly measured |
| py20a051 | For what reasons would you stay at home? For fear of a fine | directly measured |
| py20a052 | For what reasons would you stay at home? To avoid getting infected | directly measured |
| py20a053 | For what reasons would you stay at home? To avoid infecting my loved ones | directly measured |
| py20a054 | For what reasons would you stay at home? To avoid infecting others | directly measured |
| py20a055 | For what reasons would you stay at home? To avoid infecting those who are vulnerable (e.g. the elderly) | directly measured |
| py20a056 | For what reasons would you stay at home? Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a057 | Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a058 | For what reasons would you not stay at home? I do not accept such severe restrictions of my freedom | directly measured |
| py20a059 | For what reasons would you not stay at home? I am not afraid to get a fine | directly measured |
| py20a060 | For what reasons would you not stay at home? I do not believe that reduction of the risks justifies such severe restrictions | directly measured |
| py20a061 | For what reasons would you not stay at home? I feel I have obligations that justify me ignoring such demands | directly measured |
| py20a062 | For what reasons would you not stay at home? I do not think following the restrictions will slow the transmission of the virus much | directly measured |
| py20a063 | For what reasons would you not stay at home? I do not think I will be affected by the outbreak | directly measured |
| py20a064 | For what reasons would you not stay at home? Staying at home all day is too boring | directly measured |
| py20a065 | For what reasons would you not stay at home? Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a066 | Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a067 | Which of the following options best describes your situation at the beginning of March (or before the coronavirus affected your work)? If there are more options, choose the main activity or job. | directly measured |
| py20a068 | On average, how many hours per week did you work at the workplace at the beginning of March (or before the coronavirus affected your work)? Before the pandemic - At your workplace | directly measured |
| py20a069 | On average, how many hours per week did you work at the workplace in the past seven days? The past seven days - At your workplace | directly measured |
| py20a070 | On average, how many hours per week did you work from home at the beginning of March (or before the coronavirus affected your work)? Before the pandemic - From home | directly measured |
| py20a071 | On average, how many hours per week did you work from home in the past seven days? The past seven days - From home | directly measured |
| py20a072 | Sum of the variables py20a068 + py20a070 | constructed |
| py20a073 | Sum of the variables py20a069 + py20a071 | constructed |
| py20a074 | Why are you not working right now? Less business activity of the company I work for | directly measured |
| py20a075 | Why are you not working right now? Need to take care of people (children, parents) who depend on me | directly measured |
| py20a076 | Why are you not working right now? I do not go to my workplace because I am afraid of being infected by the coronavirus and I cannot do the work I do from home | directly measured |
| py20a077 | Why are you not working right now? Because of the risk of infection, my employer postponed work | directly measured |
| py20a078 | Why are you not working right now? I got fired | directly measured |
| py20a079 | Why are you not working right now? Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a080 | Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a081 | Why do you work less right now? Less business activity of the company I work for | directly measured |
| py20a082 | Why do you work less right now? Need to take care of people (children, parents) who depend on me | directly measured |
| py20a083 | Why do you work less right now? I do go to my workplace less because I am afraid of being infected by the coronavirus | directly measured |
| py20a084 | Why do you work less right now? Because of the risk of infection, my employer decided less work will be done | directly measured |
| py20a085 | Why do you work less right now? Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a086 | Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a087 | Why do you work less or not at all right now? Less business activity of my company | directly measured |
| py20a088 | Why do you work less or not at all right now? Need to take care of people (children, parents) who depend on me | directly measured |
| py20a089 | Why do you work less or not at all right now? The entire company is closed (for now) due to contamination hazard | directly measured |
| py20a090 | Why do you work less or not at all right now? Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a091 | Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a092 | How often do you currently have personal social contacts with people who work or study? | directly measured |
| py20a093 | Do you have a background or skills that can be used immediately by hospitals or healthcare in the fight against the coronavirus? | directly measured |
| py20a094 | To what extent are you prepared to volunteer in hospitals or retirement homes and to take care of people who are very ill from the coronavirus, even if it means you are likely to contract the virus yourself? | directly measured |
| py20a095 | Are you planning on doing the following things in response to the spread of the coronavirus? Save more in order to have something to fall back on when things get worse | directly measured |
| py20a096 | Are you planning on doing the following things in response to the spread of the coronavirus? Postpone the purchase of durable goods, such as a car, technical devices or furniture, for the foreseeable future | directly measured |
| py20a097 | Are you planning on doing the following things in response to the spread of the coronavirus? Postpone the purchase of a house or apartment | directly measured |
| py20a098 | Are you planning on doing the following things in response to the spread of the coronavirus? Move to a smaller house or apartment | directly measured |
| py20a099 | Are you planning on doing the following things in response to the spread of the coronavirus? Sell shares | directly measured |
| py20a100 | Are you planning on doing the following things in response to the spread of the coronavirus? Buy shares | directly measured |
| py20a101 | Are you planning on doing the following things in response to the spread of the coronavirus? None of the above | directly measured |
| py20a102 | What would you spend the money on? To cover basic needs and outstanding payments, which I would otherwise not have been able to pay [...] | directly measured |
| py20a103 | What would you spend the money on? To cover expenses I would normally also have, but are not basic needs and which I would otherwise not be able to afford [...] | directly measured |
| py20a104 | What would you spend the money on? To purchase durable goods, such as a car, technical devices or furniture in the foreseeable future | directly measured |
| py20a105 | What would you spend the money on? To save (leave on my checking account or savings account, buy shares etc.) | directly measured |
| py20a106 | What would you spend the money on? To financially support family and/or friends | directly measured |
| py20a107 | How many children under the age of 12 are living in your household? | directly measured |
| py20a108 | For [this child/these children], how do you deal with the closure of school and/or childcare because of the coronavirus? I am staying at home to take care of [the child/these children] | directly measured |
| py20a109 | For [this child/these children], how do you deal with the closure of school and/or childcare because of the coronavirus? My partner is staying at home to take care of [the child/these children] | directly measured |
| py20a110 | For [this child/these children], how do you deal with the closure of school and/or childcare because of the coronavirus? Older brother(s) or sister(s) is/are taking care of [the child/these children] | directly measured |
| py20a111 | For [this child/these children], how do you deal with the closure of school and/or childcare because of the coronavirus? The grandparents are taking care of [the child/these children] | directly measured |
| py20a112 | For [this child/these children], how do you deal with the closure of school and/or childcare because of the coronavirus? Other family members or friends are taking care of [the child/these children] | directly measured |
| py20a113 | For [this child/these children], how do you deal with the closure of school and/or childcare because of the coronavirus? I arrange the childcare together with friends/neighbors (looking after each other’s children in turn) | directly measured |
| py20a114 | For [this child/these children], how do you deal with the closure of school and/or childcare because of the coronavirus? Myself and/or my partner belong to the crucial professional group and therefore emergency (child)care is available | directly measured |
| py20a115 | For [this child/these children], how do you deal with the closure of school and/or childcare because of the coronavirus? My ex-partner is taking care of [the child/these children] | directly measured |
| py20a116 | For [this child/these children], how do you deal with the closure of school and/or childcare because of the coronavirus? [This child stays/These children stay] home alone | directly measured |
| py20a117 | For [this child/these children], how do you deal with the closure of school and/or childcare because of the coronavirus? Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a118 | Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a119 | Are you helped out well by this emergency (child)care? | directly measured |
| py20a120 | I have nothing to say | directly measured |
| py20a121 | How likely do you think the following situations will happen in early June? I will keep my job because my employer/the company is not strongly affected financially by the coronavirus [...] | directly measured |
| py20a122 | How likely do you think the following situations will happen in early June? I will keep my job because the government provides help to my employer/the company (e.g. by providing a compensation for loan costs) | directly measured |
| py20a123 | How likely do you think the following situations will happen in early June? I will lose my job, or the number of hours will be reduced to 0 indefinitely [...] | directly measured |
| py20a124 | How likely do you think the following situations will happen in early June? Something else will happen | directly measured |
| py20a125 | How likely do you think the following situations will happen in early June? My company will continue to run as usual | directly measured |
| py20a126 | How likely do you think the following situations will happen in early June? My company will have fewer activities, but will not need support from the government | directly measured |
| py20a127 | How likely do you think the following situations will happen in early June? My company will have to shut down, at least temporarily, but support from the government will help my business to survive [...] | directly measured |
| py20a128 | How likely do you think the following situations will happen in early June? My company will have to shut down, at least temporarily, and I will get no or insufficient support from the government | directly measured |
| py20a129 | How likely do you think the following situations will happen in early June? Something else will happen | directly measured |
| py20a130 | What is the probability that the coronavirus crisis leads to a situation where you will have no income or where your income will be lower than what you need to cover your basic needs and outstanding payment obligations? | directly measured |
| py20a131 | If the crisis [...], how will you or your household deal with this? I will / we will tap into my/our savings | directly measured |
| py20a132 | If the crisis [...], how will you or your household deal with this? I will / we will take out a loan / increase the mortgage | directly measured |
| py20a133 | If the crisis [...], how will you or your household deal with this? I will / we will rely on family | directly measured |
| py20a134 | If the crisis [...], how will you or your household deal with this? I will / we will apply for an unemployment benefit / a disability benefit | directly measured |
| py20a135 | If the crisis [...], how will you or your household deal with this? I will / we will take (early) retirement | directly measured |
| py20a136 | If the crisis [...], how will you or your household deal with this? I will / we will have to rely on social welfare | directly measured |
| py20a137 | If the crisis [...], how will you or your household deal with this? Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a138 | Other, namely: | directly measured |
| py20a139 | The past seven days I felt very anxious | directly measured |
| py20a140 | The past seven days I felt so down that nothing could cheer me up | directly measured |
| py20a141 | The past seven days I felt calm and peaceful | directly measured |
| py20a142 | The past seven days I felt depressed and gloomy | directly measured |
| py20a143 | The past seven days I felt happy | directly measured |
| py20a144 | When you think about the next four weeks, how concerned are you about the following? That I will get very bored | directly measured |
| py20a145 | When you think about the next four weeks, how concerned are you about the following? That I will get infected with the coronavirus and become very ill or will die | directly measured |
| py20a146 | When you think about the next four weeks, how concerned are you about the following? That I will get infected with the coronavirus and will infect others | directly measured |
| py20a147 | When you think about the next four weeks, how concerned are you about the following? That loved ones will get infected with the coronavirus and become very ill or will die | directly measured |
| py20a148 | When you think about the next four weeks, how concerned are you about the following? That I will lose my job | directly measured |
| py20a149 | When you think about the next four weeks, how concerned are you about the following? That my company will get in financial trouble | directly measured |
| py20a150 | When you think about the next four weeks, how concerned are you about the following? That I will not find a new job | directly measured |
| py20a151 | When you think about the next four weeks, how concerned are you about the following? That I will not be able to buy enough food | directly measured |
| py20a152 | When you think about the next four weeks, how concerned are you about the following? That I will not get good healthcare | directly measured |
| py20a153 | When you think about the next four weeks, how concerned are you about the following? That my favorite restaurant/cafe is going bankrupt | directly measured |
| py20a154 | In general, how much confidence do you have in the government? | directly measured |
| py20a155 | Do you think the government is taking too few or too many measures to combat the coronavirus crisis when it concerns the following areas? Guaranteeing medical care | directly measured |
| py20a156 | Do you think the government is taking too few or too many measures to combat the coronavirus crisis when it concerns the following areas? Limiting social contacts, e.g. by closing public spaces and shops | directly measured |
| py20a157 | Do you think the government is taking too few or too many measures to combat the coronavirus crisis when it concerns the following areas? Reducing economic damage | directly measured |
| py20a158 | Do you think the government is taking too few or too many measures to combat the coronavirus crisis when it concerns the following areas? Communicating with the population | directly measured |
| py20a159 | I have nothing to say | directly measured |
| py20a160 | How long, do you think, will the economic crisis last? We understand it might be difficult to answer this question, we are interested in your first estimate. | directly measured |
| py20a161 | What is the probability that the following economic effects of the coronavirus crisis will occur for you in the next 12 months? Job loss as an employee | directly measured |
| py20a162 | What is the probability that the following economic effects of the coronavirus crisis will occur for you in the next 12 months? No more assignments as an independent entrepreneur | directly measured |
| py20a163 | What is the probability that the following economic effects of the coronavirus crisis will occur for you in the next 12 months? Cut in my pension | directly measured |
| py20a164 | What is the probability that the following economic effects of the coronavirus crisis will occur for you in the next 12 months? My assets will drop in value | directly measured |
| py20a165 | What is the probability that the following economic effects of the coronavirus crisis will occur for you in the next 12 months? My bank will go bankrupt | directly measured |
| py20a166 | What is the probability that the following economic effects of the coronavirus crisis will occur for you in the next 12 months? I will struggle to repay debts | directly measured |
| py20a167 | At what level will house prices be in 12 months compared to house prices in February (i.e. before the outbreak of the coronavirus)? | directly measured |
| py20a168 | How many per cent [lower / higher]? | directly measured |
| py20a169 | If you think of the outbreak of the coronavirus at this moment and then look ahead to the next 12 months, do you agree with the following statements? I will spend less | directly measured |
| py20a170 | If you think of the outbreak of the coronavirus at this moment and then look ahead to the next 12 months, do you agree with the following statements? I will work more | directly measured |
| py20a171 | If you think of the outbreak of the coronavirus at this moment and then look ahead to the next 12 months, do you agree with the following statements? I will work less | directly measured |
| py20a172 | If you think of the outbreak of the coronavirus at this moment and then look ahead to the next 12 months, do you agree with the following statements? I will borrow extra | directly measured |
| py20a173 | If you think of the outbreak of the coronavirus at this moment and then look ahead to the next 12 months, do you agree with the following statements? I would postpone the purchase of a house | directly measured |
| py20a174 | The government has taken measures to prevent infection and has put a large package in place to limit the economic consequences of the outbreak of the coronavirus. [...] I think the actions taken by the government are appropriate | directly measured |
| py20a175 | The government has taken measures to prevent infection and has put a large package in place to limit the economic consequences of the outbreak of the coronavirus. [...] I think the actions taken by the government are insufficient | directly measured |
| py20a176 | The government has taken measures to prevent infection and has put a large package in place to limit the economic consequences of the outbreak of the coronavirus. [...] The government should be prepared to save banks | directly measured |
| py20a177 | The government has taken measures to prevent infection and has put a large package in place to limit the economic consequences of the outbreak of the coronavirus. [...] Pension funds must be helped | directly measured |
| py20a178 | Was it difficult to answer the questions? | directly measured |
| py20a179 | Were the questions sufficiently clear? | directly measured |
| py20a180 | Did the questionnaire get you thinking about things? | directly measured |
| py20a181 | Was it an interesting subject? | directly measured |
| py20a182 | Did you enjoy answering the questions? | directly measured |
| py20a183 | Starting date questionnaire | constructed |
| py20a184 | Starting time questionnaire | constructed |
| py20a185 | End date questionnaire | constructed |
| py20a186 | End time questionnaire | constructed |
| py20a187 | Duration in seconds | derived |
Questions
Questionnaire: Effects of the outbreak of COVID-19 (Part 1)
The questionnaire was administered in Dutch.
Browse Effects of the outbreak of COVID-19 (Part 1)Response Information
Response Overview
Selected number of household members: 6,817 (100%)Non-response: 1,273 (18.7%)
Response: 5,544 (81.3%)
Complete: 5,453 (80.0%)
Incomplete: 91 (1.3%)
Collection Events
Period
20-03-2020 to 31-03-2020
Sample
All LISS panel members aged 16 years and older
Collection Mode
internet survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents