Associations between adversity exposure and executive functioning > Associations between adversity exposure and executive functioning
Single Wave Study
General Information
Title
Associations between adversity exposure and executive functioning
Project Number
404.1
Abstract
This survey investigates the associations between two types of adversity: exposure to violence and poverty - and two cognitive abilities that are central to successful goal-directed behavior and self-control: switching attention and ignoring distractions. The central question is to what extent does adversity impair/enhance abilities, and to what extent does it shape other processes - such as being more cautious? For this panel members are asked to complete 6 cognitive tests.
Longitudinal Type
Single Wave Study
Begin date
06-05-2024
End date
30-07-2024
Researcher
Stefan Vermeent (Utrecht University / Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law)
Publisher
Centerdata
Copyright
© 2025 Centerdata
DOI
https://doi.org/10.57990/yrh7-j521
Funding Organization
ODISSEI
Datasets and documentation
View Documentation
Codebook in English
Codebook in Dutch
Data Files
English SPSS file
English STATA file
English CSV file
The answers to the 6 tasks are stored in 5 JSON-strings per task, on account of the length of the data. Besides the direct answers to the tasks, these JSON-strings also contain extra information, for example on whether someone clicked away in the interim, or how long it took them to perform the task. The variables bau24a172 through bau24a201 are not part of the regular data set. This separate CSV file contains the task data for all six cognitive tasks.
Variables
| Variable name | Variable Label |
|---|---|
| nomem_encr | Number of the household member encrypted |
| bau24a_m | Year and month of the field work period |
| bau24a171 | Preloaded age of householdmember |
| bau24a001 | Did the respondent participate in the previous study? |
| bau24a002 | Which reaction game was played first? |
| bau24a003 | Which reaction game was played second? |
| bau24a004 | Which reaction game was played third? |
| bau24a005 | Which reaction game was played fourth? |
| bau24a006 | Which reaction game was played fifth? |
| bau24a007 | Which reaction game was played sixth? |
| bau24a008 | [Directions game] Right now …I feel calm |
| bau24a009 | [Directions game] Right now …I feel tense |
| bau24a010 | [Directions game] Right now …I feel confused |
| bau24a011 | [Directions game] Right now …I feel relaxed |
| bau24a012 | [Directions game] Right now …I feel satisfied |
| bau24a013 | [Directions game] Right now …I feel worried |
| bau24a014 | [Directions game] How much noise happened around you, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a015 | [Directions game] Were you interrupted at any point, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a016 | [Directions game] Did you at any point move away from the computer while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a017 | [Arrows game] Right now …I feel calm |
| bau24a018 | [Arrows game] Right now …I feel tense |
| bau24a019 | [Arrows game] Right now …I feel confused |
| bau24a020 | [Arrows game] Right now …I feel relaxed |
| bau24a021 | [Arrows game] Right now …I feel satisfied |
| bau24a022 | [Arrows game] Right now …I feel worried |
| bau24a023 | [Arrows game] How much noise happened around you, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a024 | [Arrows game] Were you interrupted at any point, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a025 | [Arrows game] Did you at any point move away from the computer while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a026 | [Squares and rectangles game] Right now …I feel calm |
| bau24a027 | [Squares and rectangles game] Right now …I feel tense |
| bau24a028 | [Squares and rectangles game] Right now …I feel confused |
| bau24a029 | [Squares and rectangles game] Right now …I feel relaxed |
| bau24a030 | [Squares and rectangles game] Right now …I feel satisfied |
| bau24a031 | [Squares and rectangles game] Right now …I feel worried |
| bau24a032 | [Squares and rectangles game] How much noise happened around you, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a033 | [Squares and rectangles game] Were you interrupted at any point, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a034 | [Squares and rectangles game] Did you at any point move away from the computer while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a035 | [Colors and shapes game] Right now …I feel calm |
| bau24a036 | [Colors and shapes game] Right now …I feel tense |
| bau24a037 | [Colors and shapes game] Right now …I feel confused |
| bau24a038 | [Colors and shapes game] Right now …I feel relaxed |
| bau24a039 | [Colors and shapes game] Right now …I feel satisfied |
| bau24a040 | [Colors and shapes game] Right now …I feel worried |
| bau24a041 | [Colors and shapes game] How much noise happened around you, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a042 | [Colors and shapes game] Were you interrupted at any point, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a043 | [Colors and shapes game] Did you at any point move away from the computer while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a044 | [Animals and objects game] Right now …I feel calm |
| bau24a045 | [Animals and objects game] Right now …I feel tense |
| bau24a046 | [Animals and objects game] Right now …I feel confused |
| bau24a047 | [Animals and objects game] Right now …I feel relaxed |
| bau24a048 | [Animals and objects game] Right now …I feel satisfied |
| bau24a049 | [Animals and objects game] Right now …I feel worried |
| bau24a050 | [Animals and objects game] How much noise happened around you, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a051 | [Animals and objects game] Were you interrupted at any point, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a052 | [Animals and objects game] Did you at any point move away from the computer while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a053 | [Comparison game] Right now …I feel calm |
| bau24a054 | [Comparison game] Right now …I feel tense |
| bau24a055 | [Comparison game] Right now …I feel confused |
| bau24a056 | [Comparison game] Right now …I feel relaxed |
| bau24a057 | [Comparison game] Right now …I feel satisfied |
| bau24a058 | [Comparison game] Right now …I feel worried |
| bau24a059 | [Comparison game] How much noise happened around you, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a060 | [Comparison game] Were you interrupted at any point, while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a061 | [Comparison game] Did you at any point move away from the computer while performing the reaction game? |
| bau24a062 | I have a clear picture of myself, ten years from now |
| bau24a063 | I find it easy to picture myself, ten years from now |
| bau24a064 | I do not have a clear picture of myself, ten years from now |
| bau24a065 | I find it easy to describe myself, ten years from now |
| bau24a066 | I find it hard to imagine what kind of a person I will be, ten years from now |
| bau24a067 | Which image best fits with how you feel when you think about the future? |
| bau24a068 | How strongly connected do you feel with yourself in the future? |
| bau24a069 | If I want something from someone I don’t like, I will act in a very friendly manner in order to get it |
| bau24a070 | I find it unimportant to possess a lot of money |
| bau24a071 | I am an ordinary person, not better than others |
| bau24a072 | After a painful experience, I need someone to comfort me |
| bau24a073 | I would not engage in flattery in order to gain a salary raise or promotion, even if it would prove successful |
| bau24a074 | I would like to live in a very rich, posh neighborhood |
| bau24a075 | I would not want people to treat me as if I am better than them |
| bau24a076 | When I set myself a goal, it often happens that I give up before achieving it |
| bau24a077 | When I want something from someone, I will laugh about his/her poorest jokes |
| bau24a078 | I would like to be seen while driving around in a very expensive car |
| bau24a079 | I feel that I deserve more respect than the average person |
| bau24a080 | Whenever I am new to a place, the first thing I do is to make friends |
| bau24a081 | I would not pretend to like someone to ensure that this person will do me a favor |
| bau24a082 | I would get a lot of pleasure out of owning expensive luxury goods |
| bau24a083 | I want people to know how important I am |
| bau24a084 | Please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to them in the past two years? Burglary or attempted burglary (of own house, garden shed or garage) |
| bau24a085 | Please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to them in the past two years? Theft from your car |
| bau24a086 | Please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to them in the past two years? Theft of wallet/purse, handbag, or other private property (on the street, from your wardrobe, etc.) |
| bau24a087 | Please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to them in the past two years? Damage to your car or other private property (garden, bicycle, etc.) |
| bau24a088 | Please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to them in the past two years? Threats via social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter/X, Instagram), email, WhatsApp or another digital channel |
| bau24a089 | Please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to them in the past two years? Threats in another manner (e.g. by letter, telephone, or face to face) |
| bau24a090 | Please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to them in the past two years? Maltreatment of such severity that you had to see a doctor |
| bau24a091 | Please indicate for the following crimes whether you fell victim to them in the past two years? Maltreatment that did not require seeing a doctor |
| bau24a092 | Your youth before the age of 18: I grew up in a safe neighborhood |
| bau24a093 | Your youth before the age of 18: Criminality occurred frequently in the neighborhood where I lived |
| bau24a094 | Your youth before the age of 18: I grew up in an affluent neighborhood |
| bau24a095 | Your youth before the age of 18: Physical fights were common occurrences in the neighborhood where I grew up |
| bau24a096 | Your youth before the age of 18: Shootings or stabbings (with arms such as knives or guns) occurred in the neighborhood where I grew up |
| bau24a097 | Your youth before the age of 18: In the neighborhood where I grew up, most people felt unsafe when walking the streets after dark |
| bau24a098 | Your youth before the age of 18: In the neighborhood where I grew up, it was important that you were able to physically defend yourself against others |
| bau24a099 | Your youth before the age of 18: My family had enough money to rent or buy the dwelling we needed |
| bau24a100 | Your youth before the age of 18: My family had enough money to buy the clothes we needed |
| bau24a101 | Your youth before the age of 18: My family had enough money to buy the food we needed |
| bau24a102 | Your youth before the age of 18: My family had enough money to pay for the medical care (e.g. doctor’s visit, buying medicine) we needed |
| bau24a103 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: I live in a safe neighborhood |
| bau24a104 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: Criminality occurs frequently in the neighborhood where I live |
| bau24a105 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: I live in an affluent neighborhood |
| bau24a106 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: Physical fights are common occurrences in the neighborhood where I live |
| bau24a107 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: Shootings or stabbings (with arms such as knives or guns) occur in the neighborhood where I live |
| bau24a108 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: In the neighborhood where I live, most people feel unsafe when walking the streets after dark |
| bau24a109 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: In the neighborhood where I live, it is important that you are able to physically defend yourself against others |
| bau24a110 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: I have enough money to rent or buy the dwelling I need |
| bau24a111 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: I have had enough money to buy the clothes I need |
| bau24a112 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: I have enough money to buy the food I need |
| bau24a113 | Your experiences at the present moment of your life: I have enough money to pay for the medical care (e.g. doctor’s visit, buying medicine) I need |
| bau24a114 | How often in the past 12 months have you … traveled by public transport (tram, bus, train or metro) without paying? |
| bau24a115 | How often in the past 12 months have you … stolen something at your work with a value of more than 5 euros? |
| bau24a116 | How often in the past 12 months have you … used someone else’s debit card or credit card without his/her consent? |
| bau24a117 | How often in the past 12 months have you … illegally downloaded software, music or films? |
| bau24a118 | How often in the past 12 months have you … stolen something from a parked car or truck? |
| bau24a119 | How often in the past 12 months have you … been involved in a burglary (of a house, building, shop, office, etc.)? |
| bau24a120 | How often in the past 12 months have you … stolen something from a shop with a value of less than 5 euros? |
| bau24a121 | How often in the past 12 months have you … stolen something from a shop with a value of more than 5 euros? |
| bau24a122 | How often in the past 12 months have you … stolen something in another manner (not at work or from a shop) with a value of more than 5 euros? |
| bau24a123 | How often in the past 12 months have you … bought or sold something with a value of more than 10 euros which you knew or suspected was stolen? |
| bau24a124 | How often in the past 12 months have you … deliberately provided false information or withheld information, or twisted the truth in order to get something done that you couldn’t get done in another way? |
| bau24a125 | How often in the past 12 months have you … deliberately not report earned money, or reported this inaccurately, when completing your tax return? |
| bau24a126 | How often in the past 12 months have you … deliberately report something inaccurately to an insurance company (e.g. a travel or household insurance)? |
| bau24a127 | How often in the past 12 months have you … deliberately damage, deface or break something such as a traffic sign, a telephone booth, a window, a car, or something comparable? |
| bau24a128 | How often in the past 12 months have you … threaten someone (face to face, via the telephone, email, SMS, in a chatbox, or in a comparable manner) in order to frighten this person, to rob him/her, or to get him/her to do something? |
| bau24a129 | How often in the past 12 months have you … carry a weapon to protect yourself or to use? |
| bau24a130 | How often in the past 12 months have you … beat or kick someone, thereby injuring this person? |
| bau24a131 | How often in the past 12 months have you … touch someone sexually or get this person to perform sexual acts, against his or her will? |
| bau24a132 | How often in the past 12 months have you … use or sell party drugs such as speed, XTC or magic mushrooms? |
| bau24a133 | How often in the past 12 months have you … use or sell narcotics such as heroin or cocaine? |
| bau24a134 | I am good at resisting temptations |
| bau24a135 | I find it difficult to break bad habits |
| bau24a136 | I am lazy |
| bau24a137 | I say improper things |
| bau24a138 | There are things I do that are bad for me, if they are fun. |
| bau24a139 | I refuse things that are bad for me |
| bau24a140 | I would like to have more self-discipline |
| bau24a141 | People would say that I have iron self-discipline |
| bau24a142 | Pleasure and fun sometimes prevent me from getting work done |
| bau24a143 | I find it difficult to concentrate |
| bau24a144 | I am able to work towards long-term goals effectively |
| bau24a145 | Sometimes I can’t resist doing something, even though I know it’s bad to do |
| bau24a146 | I often act without thinking through all the alternatives |
| bau24a147 | I often think about what my future could look like |
| bau24a148 | I often do things to achieve something that may possibly only materialize in the distant future |
| bau24a149 | I mainly concentrate on my current needs; the future will take care of itself |
| bau24a150 | I only heed the direct consequences (that is, within days or weeks) of my behavior |
| bau24a151 | Convenience plays an important role in my decisions and behavior |
| bau24a152 | I am prepared to give up things now in order to achieve results in the future |
| bau24a153 | It is important to take warnings about negative consequences seriously, even if it can take years for these consequences to materialize |
| bau24a154 | It is more important to do things with important long-term consequences, than to do things with less important immediate consequences |
| bau24a155 | I usually ignore warnings about possible future problems because those problems will sort themselves out before things really get out of control |
| bau24a156 | It isn’t necessary to refrain from doing something today, because you can deal with potential problematic consequences later |
| bau24a157 | I am only focused on satisfying my immediate needs; I will deal with any potential problems later. |
| bau24a158 | Because my daily work has clear results, I find this more important than doing things that have long-term consequences |
| bau24a159 | When I make a decision, I think about how it can affect me in the future |
| bau24a160 | My behavior is usually influenced by the long-term consequences |
| bau24a161 | Was it difficult to answer the questions? |
| bau24a162 | Were the questions sufficiently clear? |
| bau24a163 | Did the questionnaire get you thinking about things? |
| bau24a164 | Was it an interesting subject? |
| bau24a165 | Did you enjoy answering the questions? |
| bau24a166 | Starting date questionnaire |
| bau24a167 | Starting time questionnaire |
| bau24a168 | End date questionnaire |
| bau24a169 | End time questionnaire |
| bau24a170 | Duration in seconds |
Response Information
Response Overview
Selected number of household members: 2,300 (100.0%)Non-response: 1,179 (51.3%)
Response: 1,121 (48.7%)
Complete: 1,082 (47.0%)
Incomplete: 39 (1.7%)
Collection Events
Period
06-05-2024 to 28-05-2024
Sample
Panel members that are between 16-55 years old, and who agreed to CBS linkage of microdata. Students living with their parents are excluded.
Collection Mode
Internet Survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents.
Period
03-06-2024 to 25-06-2024
Sample
Non-respondents of the first measurement.
Collection Mode
Internet Survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents.
Period
01-07-2024 to 30-07-2024
Sample
Non-respondents of the first measurement.
Collection Mode
Internet Survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents.