Citizens’ perspective on sustainability 2023
Single Wave Study
General Information
Title
Citizens’ perspective on sustainability 2023
Project Number
379
Abstract
This questionnaire is about climate and sustainability (what are respondents willing to give up in order to live in a more sustainable way?). Furthermore, it is asked to which extent respondents are religious, and the relation between religion and sustainable behavior is investigated.
Longitudinal Type
Single Wave Study
Begin date
10-07-2023
End date
15-08-2023
Topics
Researcher
Maroesjka Versantvoort (Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP)); Thijs Tromp (Protestant Theological University); Mirella Klomp (Protestant Theological University)
Publisher
Centerdata
Copyright
© 2025 Centerdata
DOI
https://doi.org/10.57990/wyht-t241
Funding Organization
ODISSEI
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP)
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP)
Datasets and documentation
View Documentation
Codebook in English
Codebook in Dutch
Data Files
English SPSS file
English STATA file
English CSV file
Variables
| Variable name | Variable Label |
|---|---|
| nomem_encr | Number of the household member encrypted |
| cah23a001 | Is the respondent part of the random sample? |
| cah23a_m1 | Year and month of the field work period - vignet part |
| cah23a002 | Which set was presented in block 1? |
| cah23a003 | Which set was presented in block 2? |
| cah23a004 | Which set was presented in block 3? |
| cah23a005 | Which topic was presented in the first block? |
| cah23a006 | Which topic was presented in the second block? |
| cah23a007 | Which topic was presented in the third block? |
| cah23a008 | Which vignette was presented in position 1 in block 1? |
| cah23a009 | Which vignette was presented in position 2 in block 1? |
| cah23a010 | Which vignette was presented in position 3 in block 1? |
| cah23a011 | Which vignette was presented in position 4 in block 1? |
| cah23a012 | Which vignette was presented in position 1 in block 2? |
| cah23a013 | Which vignette was presented in position 2 in block 2? |
| cah23a014 | Which vignette was presented in position 3 in block 2? |
| cah23a015 | Which vignette was presented in position 4 in block 2? |
| cah23a016 | Which vignette was presented in position 1 in block 3? |
| cah23a017 | Which vignette was presented in position 2 in block 3? |
| cah23a018 | Which vignette was presented in position 3 in block 3? |
| cah23a019 | Which vignette was presented in position 4 in block 3? |
| cah23a020 | How often do you eat meat (or chicken) as part of your cooked meal? |
| cah23a021 | Which statement about travelling by plane best describes your own practice? I travel by plane… |
| cah23a022 | Which statement about travelling by car best describes your own practice? Here we mean every form of travelling by car, so also your commute to work. I travel by car… |
| cah23a023 | Which statement about energy use best describes your own practice? I am… |
| cah23a024 | Which statement about buying new clothes and shoes best describes your own practice? Do not consider used clothing and shoes here. I… |
| cah23a025 | Do you have a garden, vegetable garden and/or allotment garden? |
| cah23a026 | What part of this garden is paved or covered with artificial grass? |
| cah23a027 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario meat] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a028 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario meat] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a029 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario meat] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a030 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario meat] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a031 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario flying] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a032 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario flying] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a033 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario flying] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a034 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario flying] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a035 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario car] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a036 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario car] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a037 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario car] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a038 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario car] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a039 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario energy] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a040 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario energy] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a041 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario energy] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a042 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario energy] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a043 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario consumption] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a044 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario consumption] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a045 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario consumption] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a046 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario consumption] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a047 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario green garden] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a048 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario green garden] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a049 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario green garden] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a050 | Imagine that in the coming years: [scenario green garden] What would you do if this happened? I would… |
| cah23a051 | Suppose natural disasters could be prevented from happening in the Netherlands if everyone were to chip in some money. What percentage of your net income would you be prepared to invest for this goal? |
| cah23a052 | Suppose natural disasters could be prevented from happening in other countries if everyone were to chip in some money. What percentage of your net income would you be prepared to invest for this goal? |
| cah23a053 | Suppose again that natural disasters could be prevented from happening if people were to chip in money for this goal. Who do you think should contribute? Nobody |
| cah23a054 | Suppose again that natural disasters could be prevented from happening if people were to chip in money for this goal. Who do you think should contribute? Everyone should contribute equally |
| cah23a055 | Suppose again that natural disasters could be prevented from happening if people were to chip in money for this goal. Who do you think should contribute? People with roughly the same income should contribute equally |
| cah23a056 | Suppose again that natural disasters could be prevented from happening if people were to chip in money for this goal. Who do you think should contribute? People who cause more pollution should contribute more |
| cah23a057 | Suppose again that natural disasters could be prevented from happening if people were to chip in money for this goal. Who do you think should contribute? People who cause less pollution may contribute less |
| cah23a058 | Suppose again that natural disasters could be prevented from happening if people were to chip in money for this goal. Who do you think should contribute? People with the lowest incomes don’t need to contribute |
| cah23a059 | Suppose again that natural disasters could be prevented from happening if people were to chip in money for this goal. Who do you think should contribute? People with the highest incomes should contribute more |
| cah23a060 | Suppose again that natural disasters could be prevented from happening if people were to chip in money for this goal. Who do you think should contribute? Everyone who wants to contribute (a voluntary contribution) |
| cah23a061 | Suppose again that natural disasters could be prevented from happening if people were to chip in money for this goal. Who do you think should contribute? Other, namely… |
| cah23a062 | Suppose again that natural disasters could be prevented from happening if people were to chip in money for this goal. Who do you think should contribute? Other, namely… |
| cah23a063 | How important do you consider the following to be? That every person and every company makes an equal financial contribution to climate policy, without considering how much money people can spare or how much effort someone is dedicating to the cause. |
| cah23a064 | How important do you consider the following to be? That people with the lowest incomes are compensated for the costs of climate policy, so that they do not end up worse off. |
| cah23a065 | How important do you consider the following to be? That people and businesses with more income or capital make a greater financial contribution to climate policy. |
| cah23a066 | How important do you consider the following to be? That people and businesses that consume more or pollute more make a greater financial contribution to climate policy. |
| cah23a067 | How important do you consider the following to be? That people and businesses who make a greater effort to counter climate damage pay less for climate policy. |
| cah23a068 | Which of the following do you find most important? |
| cah23a069 | If you could choose a goal for 5 hectares of ground in your place of residence, what goal would you choose? |
| cah23a070 | What would you prefer to economize on? Car use (for instance by more often taking the bus or train instead of the car): |
| cah23a071 | What would you prefer to economize on? Energy use (for instance by turning the heating a bit lower or by insulating your house): |
| cah23a072 | What would you prefer to economize on? Air travel: |
| cah23a073 | What would you prefer to economize on? Consumption of meat: |
| cah23a074 | What would you prefer to economize on? Buying goods (for instance by buying less or buying more used goods): |
| cah23a075 | Suppose this drive to economize would cost all adults around 1500 euros per person per year. How would you divide these costs over the five options in your own life? Car use: |
| cah23a076 | Suppose this drive to economize would cost all adults around 1500 euros per person per year. How would you divide these costs over the five options in your own life? Energy use: |
| cah23a077 | Suppose this drive to economize would cost all adults around 1500 euros per person per year. How would you divide these costs over the five options in your own life? Air travel: |
| cah23a078 | Suppose this drive to economize would cost all adults around 1500 euros per person per year. How would you divide these costs over the five options in your own life? Consumption of meat: |
| cah23a079 | Suppose this drive to economize would cost all adults around 1500 euros per person per year. How would you divide these costs over the five options in your own life? Buying goods: |
| cah23a080 | How religious do you consider yourself to be? |
| cah23a081 | Was it difficult to answer the questions? |
| cah23a082 | Were the questions sufficiently clear? |
| cah23a083 | Did the questionnaire get you thinking about things? |
| cah23a084 | Was it an interesting subject? |
| cah23a085 | Did you enjoy answering the questions? |
| cah23a086 | Starting date questionnaire |
| cah23a087 | Starting time questionnaire |
| cah23a088 | End date questionnaire |
| cah23a089 | End time questionnaire |
| cah23a090 | Duration in seconds |
| cah23a_m2 | Year and month of the field work period - survey part |
| cah23a091 | permutation - Which statement was listed first at question cah23a106 - cah23a109? |
| cah23a092 | permutation - Which statement was listed second at question cah23a106 - cah23a109? |
| cah23a093 | permutation - Which statement was listed third at question cah23a106 - cah23a109? |
| cah23a094 | permutation - Which statement was listed fourth at question cah23a106 - cah23a109? |
| cah23a095 | How religious do you consider yourself to be? |
| cah23a096 | Do you consider yourself part of: |
| cah23a097 | Which Protestant church or assembly is that? |
| cah23a098 | How often in the past 6 months did you visit a religious gathering? Examples are attending a church service, visiting a mosque or prayer meeting. Online church services also count. |
| cah23a099 | Do you think the climate has changed over the past 100 years? |
| cah23a100 | Do you think that this climate change is due to humans, or is it a natural change? |
| cah23a101 | Humanity needs to take action as quickly as possible to counter climate change, or else it will be too late. |
| cah23a102 | I am angry about all the attention being devoted to climate, while there are more important problems. |
| cah23a103 | How unimportant or important do you think it is that people start living differently in order to counter climate change? |
| cah23a104 | Do you think humans can stop climate change? |
| cah23a105 | How worried are you about climate change? |
| cah23a106 | How worried are you that climate change will have consequences… for your own life? |
| cah23a107 | How worried are you that climate change will have consequences… for the lives of all people worldwide? |
| cah23a108 | How worried are you that climate change will have consequences… for the lives of future generations? |
| cah23a109 | How worried are you that climate change will have consequences… for nature and the environment? |
| cah23a110 | A very important guideline in my life is… to have possessions |
| cah23a111 | A very important guideline in my life is… to have power and status |
| cah23a112 | A very important guideline in my life is… for everyone to have the same opportunities |
| cah23a113 | A very important guideline in my life is… for everyone to be treated justly |
| cah23a114 | A very important guideline in my life is… to have fun |
| cah23a115 | A very important guideline in my life is… to enjoy life |
| cah23a116 | A very important guideline in my life is… to respect nature |
| cah23a117 | A very important guideline in my life is… to protect the environment |
| cah23a118 | How often in the past 12 months did you travel by plane for private purposes? |
| cah23a119 | Would you want to try to travel (even) less by plane? |
| cah23a120 | How often do you eat meat (or chicken) as part of a cooked meal? |
| cah23a121 | What is your reason to [eat meat (or chicken) less than 3 days a week / less than 1 day a week / to not eat meat (or chicken)] as part of a cooked meal? meat (or chicken) is too expensive |
| cah23a122 | What is your reason to [eat meat (or chicken) less than 3 days a week / less than 1 day a week / to not eat meat (or chicken)] as part of a cooked meal? with a view to my health |
| cah23a123 | What is your reason to [eat meat (or chicken) less than 3 days a week / less than 1 day a week / to not eat meat (or chicken)] as part of a cooked meal? out of respect for animals |
| cah23a124 | What is your reason to [eat meat (or chicken) less than 3 days a week / less than 1 day a week / to not eat meat (or chicken)] as part of a cooked meal? due to objections against intensive livestock farming |
| cah23a125 | What is your reason to [eat meat (or chicken) less than 3 days a week / less than 1 day a week / to not eat meat (or chicken)] as part of a cooked meal? to prevent the deterioration of nature |
| cah23a126 | What is your reason to [eat meat (or chicken) less than 3 days a week / less than 1 day a week / to not eat meat (or chicken)] as part of a cooked meal? other, namely… |
| cah23a127 | What is your reason to [eat meat (or chicken) less than 3 days a week / less than 1 day a week / to not eat meat (or chicken)] as part of a cooked meal? other, namely… |
| cah23a128 | Would you want to try to eat (even) less meat (or chicken)? |
| cah23a129 | I try to save as much energy as possible at home. |
| cah23a130 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? replaced incandescent lamps with LED lamps |
| cah23a131 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? installed weather strips |
| cah23a132 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? installed reflective panels behind radiators |
| cah23a133 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? improved the insulation of your dwelling |
| cah23a134 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? installed solar panels |
| cah23a135 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? acquired energy-efficient appliances |
| cah23a136 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? minimum use of appliances that consume a lot of energy |
| cah23a137 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? doing laundry at low temperatures (up to 30 degrees) |
| cah23a138 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? turning down the thermostat when leaving the house |
| cah23a139 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? setting the thermostat lower than you used to |
| cah23a140 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? setting the thermostat low during the night |
| cah23a141 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? keeping showers as brief as possible |
| cah23a142 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? removing plugs from sockets (appliances, chargers) when unused |
| cah23a143 | Have you taken the following energy-saving measures? turning out the lights when leaving a room |
| cah23a144 | Below are a number of reasons to save energy. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, starting with the most important (1) to the least important (5). To save on my energy bill |
| cah23a145 | Below are a number of reasons to save energy. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, starting with the most important (1) to the least important (5). It benefits the climate and environment |
| cah23a146 | Below are a number of reasons to save energy. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, starting with the most important (1) to the least important (5). It suits my lifestyle |
| cah23a147 | Below are a number of reasons to save energy. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, starting with the most important (1) to the least important (5). It gives me a good feeling about myself as a human |
| cah23a148 | Below are a number of reasons to save energy. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, starting with the most important (1) to the least important (5). My social environment expects it of me |
| cah23a149 | Would you want to try to save (even) more energy? |
| cah23a150 | When I want to buy something, I always consider first whether I can also buy it second-hand. |
| cah23a151 | When I need to buy something, more often than before I consider buying it second-hand. |
| cah23a152 | Would you want to try to buy things second-hand (even) more often when you need something? |
| cah23a153 | Below are a number of reasons that might be important to you when buying food. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, […]. Whether or not it has been produced at a cost to the environment |
| cah23a154 | Below are a number of reasons that might be important to you when buying food. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, […]. Whether or not the producer gets a fair return (fair trade) |
| cah23a155 | Below are a number of reasons that might be important to you when buying food. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, […]. Whether or not it is tasty |
| cah23a156 | Below are a number of reasons that might be important to you when buying food. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, […]. Whether or not it looks good |
| cah23a157 | Below are a number of reasons that might be important to you when buying food. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, […]. Whether or not it has been produced in an animal-friendly way |
| cah23a158 | Below are a number of reasons that might be important to you when buying food. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, […]. Whether or not it is healthy |
| cah23a159 | Below are a number of reasons that might be important to you when buying food. Please rank these reasons in order of importance, […]. Whether or not I feel it is worth the price |
| cah23a160 | Do you have a garden, vegetable garden and/or allotment garden? |
| cah23a161 | What part of this garden is paved or covered with artificial grass? |
| cah23a162 | Would you want to try to replace (more) paving in the garden by plants, trees and/or grass? |
| cah23a163 | Do you use chemical pesticides in your garden? |
| cah23a164 | Are you considering using chemical pesticides less often in your garden? |
| cah23a165 | I have the feeling that a small group of Dutch people is forcing measures against climate change on to everyone else. |
| cah23a166 | I have the feeling that the weather in the Netherlands has changed noticeably due to climate change. |
| cah23a167 | I have the feeling that today’s generations are doing too little to counter climate change, which will put future generations in trouble. |
| cah23a168 | I have the feeling that you’re no longer allowed to enjoy anything, because of all the debate about the environment and climate. |
| cah23a169 | To what extent do you feel that the costs of countering climate change are shared fairly or unfairly between poor and rich Dutch people? |
| cah23a170 | To what extent do you feel that the costs of countering climate change are shared fairly or unfairly between citizens and businesses? |
| cah23a171 | Do you feel that too little or too much attention is being paid to countering climate change? |
| cah23a172 | To what extent do you feel that it is meaningful or meaningless to contribute personally to countering climate change? |
| cah23a173 | To what extent do you feel personally responsible for trying to reduce climate change? |
| cah23a174 | How unimportant or important do you find it to be economical with energy in order to counter climate change? |
| cah23a175 | How unimportant or important do you find it that a transition takes place from coal, oil and gas to green energy (such as solar and wind energy) in order to counter climate change? |
| cah23a176 | Most people in my social environment try to act sustainably. |
| cah23a177 | I am sometimes annoyed by people who show no consideration at all for the environment, climate or sustainability. |
| cah23a178 | I think about what I can do in my daily life to counter climate change. |
| cah23a179 | I see myself as a sustainability-minded person. |
| cah23a180 | I am sometimes annoyed by people who are very involved with the environment, climate or sustainability. |
| cah23a181 | How worried are you that measures against climate change…will make life more expensive? |
| cah23a182 | How worried are you that measures against climate change…won’t be good enough to solve the climate problem? |
| cah23a183 | How worried are you that measures against climate change…will force you to start living differently? |
| cah23a184 | How worried are you that measures against climate change…will make it (even) harder for you to pay your energy bills? |
| cah23a185 | I experience God/the divine in nature |
| cah23a186 | God asks of us that we preserve nature as much as possible |
| cah23a187 | I find nature awe-inspiring |
| cah23a188 | Nature is sacred |
| cah23a189 | I feel connected with animals and plants |
| cah23a190 | People are part of nature |
| cah23a191 | God gave mankind the earth, with animals, plants and raw materials, for his use |
| cah23a192 | God asks of us to immediately tackle the climate problem |
| cah23a193 | God has placed humans above the other creatures |
| cah23a194 | Faith is more about caring for the earth than about personal salvation |
| cah23a195 | Climate change fits with what the holy books say about the end of time |
| cah23a196 | The choice to eat meat or not has nothing to do with religious belief |
| cah23a197 | Faith encourages me to practice a more moderate lifestyle |
| cah23a198 | God holds us responsible for how we treat the earth |
| cah23a199 | Concerns about climate change have a place in my prayers |
| cah23a200 | Our faith community has attention for the climate in the following ways. In the services or celebrations |
| cah23a201 | Our faith community has attention for the climate in the following ways. In youth work |
| cah23a202 | Our faith community has attention for the climate in the following ways. In education, preparation or study of the holy books |
| cah23a203 | Our faith community has attention for the climate in the following ways. Through the diaconate or practical projects |
| cah23a204 | Our faith community has attention for the climate in the following ways. Through the financial policy |
| cah23a205 | Our faith community has attention for the climate in the following ways. Nowhere |
| cah23a206 | Our faith community has attention for the climate in the following ways. I don’t know |
| cah23a207 | Do you feel that there is enough attention for the climate in your faith community? |
| cah23a208 | Faith communities should join hands with farmers where it concerns the future of agriculture in the Netherlands. |
| cah23a209 | I buy products from local farmers. |
| cah23a210 | I intend to start buying (more) products from local farmers. |
| cah23a211 | Organic farming has nothing to do with religious belief. |
| cah23a212 | In the Netherlands, less land should be used for agriculture and livestock farming in the future. |
| cah23a213 | In the future, Dutch farmers should focus less on agriculture and livestock farming and more on landscape and nature management. |
| cah23a214 | The most important task for Dutch farmers in the future will remain the supply of food. |
| cah23a215 | In the future, Dutch farmers should focus less on agriculture and livestock farming and more on activities in the care or recreation sector. |
| cah23a216 | In the Netherlands, more land should become available for agriculture and livestock farming in the future. |
| cah23a217 | The amount of land available in the Netherlands for agriculture and livestock should remain the same in the future. |
| cah23a218 | I am worried about a rift between the city and rural areas. |
| cah23a219 | Did you know that some churches and other religious organizations own land? |
| cah23a220 | Does your church community or parish own land? |
| cah23a221 | What’s your view on churches leasing land to farmers? |
| cah23a222 | Was it difficult to answer the questions? |
| cah23a223 | Were the questions sufficiently clear? |
| cah23a224 | Did the questionnaire get you thinking about things? |
| cah23a225 | Was it an interesting subject? |
| cah23a226 | Did you enjoy answering the questions? |
| cah23a227 | Starting date questionnaire |
| cah23a228 | Starting time questionnaire |
| cah23a229 | End date questionnaire |
| cah23a230 | End time questionnaire |
| cah23a231 | Duration in seconds |
Response Information
Response Overview
Selected number of household members: 4,980 (100.0%)Non-response: 1,078 (21.6%)
Response: 3,902 (78.4%)
Complete: 3,683 (74.0%)
Incomplete: 219 (4.4%)
Collection Events
Period
10-07-2023 to 31-07-2023
Sample
For this questionnaire respondents aged 18 years and older were invited that participated in the previous studies: ‘The energy transition from a citizen’s perspective (SCP, 2019)’ and ‘Spirituality and meaning in life (SCP, 2020)’. The main sample was chosen in such a way that it is representative for the Dutch population when it comes to age. Apart from this main representative sample an extra subsample was invited that indicated in the LISS core study ‘Religion and Ethnicity (wave 15)’ that they are religious (or they are not sure).
Collection Mode
internet survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents.
Period
07-08-2023 to 15-08-2023
Sample
Non-respondents of the first measurement.
Collection Mode
internet survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents.