Personality

General Information

Title
Personality
Project Number
7
Abstract
This questionnaire is part of the LISS Core Study, a longitudinal survey delivering a broad range of social core information about the panel members. The survey focuses on personality and characteristics.
Longitudinal Type
Longitudinal Study
Note
Changes regarding to the previous wave are specified in the Introduction of the codebook.

List of concepts:

Happiness, Life satisfaction, Big Five personality, Survey attitude, Self-esteem, Mood, Need to evaluate, Value orientation, Inclusion of Others in the Self, Social desirability, Affects, Need for Cognition, Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R)
Researcher
Miquelle Marchand (Centerdata)
Publisher
Centerdata
Copyright
© 2022 Centerdata
DOI
https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-x5h-4cxd

List of Measures

Please select a wave to access the metadata and download datasets for that wave.
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave
Longitudinal Wave

Publications

Lugtig, P. (2012). Luiaards en trouwe deelnemers: Classificatie van respondenten in een panelstudie . Jaarboek MarktOnderzoekAssociatie, Hoofdstuk 8, 123-137 .
Saßenroth, D. (2013). Personality Effects on Participation in the LISS Panel. In: The Impact of Personality on Participation Decisions in Surveys 2013, pp 129-160.
Kroesen, M. et al. (2014). The influence of holiday-taking on affect and contentment. Annals of Tourism Research, Volume 45, Pages 89-101.
Hendriks, Y. (2014). The Impact of Non-Coverage in Web Surveys. Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, Utrecht University .
Scherpenzeel, Annette and Toepoel, Vera (2014). Informing panel members about study results: effects of traditional and innovative forms of feedback on participation. In: M. Callegaro, R. Baker, J. Bethlehem, A. S. Göritz, J. A. Krosnick and P. J. Lavrakas (Eds.). Online Panel Research: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Wiley. .
Müller, M.L. (2014). The development of life satisfaction: does personality matter?. University of Twente: GW: Behavioural Sciences.
Bosmans, M.H.G., et al. (2015). Longitudinal interplay between posttraumatic stress symptoms and coping self-efficacy. Social Science & Medicine, 134, 23-29.
Jonker, S. (2015). Correlations between the individual effects of romantic partners in a subjective well-being equation. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, faculty of economics and business.
Frank Jan Eskes (2016). Wie volgt? De persoonlijkheid van volgers als verklaring van geloof in quasi-messianistisch leiderschap. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Politieke Theorie en Politiek Gedrag.
Bakker, B.N., et al. (2016). The psychological roots of populist voting:. European Journal of Political Research, 2016; 55(2): 302-320 .
Cambier, Myriam (2016). Determinanten der Teilnahme von Privatinvestoren am Aktienmarkt. Institut für Banken und Finanzierung, Leibniz Universität Hannover.
Van Ingen, Erik, et al. (2016). Online Coping After Negative Life Events: Measurement, Prevalence, and Relation With Internet Activities and Well-Being. Social Science Computer Review, 34(5), 511-529. .
Stavrova, O., et al. (2016). Belief in scientific-technological progress and life satisfaction: the role of personal control.. Personality and Individual Differences, 96, 227-236. .
Roest, A.M.T. (2015). Education and Smoking Cessation: The Role of Skills Explained. Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Ramlal, T.S.D. (2016). Wages and the Big Five personality traits of natives and immigrants. Erasmus School of Economics, Economics of Management and Organisation.
Vellekoop, N. (2016). The Impact of Long-Run Macroeconomic Experiences on Personality. SAFE Working Paper No. 142.
Meer, P.H. van der, et al. (2016). Happiness, Unemployment and Self-esteem. SOM Research Reports, 16016-HRM&OB.
Keizer, S. (2017). Relations between mental health, income and the labor market position in the Netherlands:. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam School of Economics.
Farny, L. (2017). The relationship between time preferences and measures of well-being. Tilburg School of Economics and Management.
Heuzeveldt, T.F.A. (2017). Does self-esteem influence financial behavior?. University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business.
Yildiz, Buket (2017). Leisure & subjective well-being. .
Gnambs, T., et al. (2017). The Measurement of Variability and Change in Life Satisfaction. European Journal of Psychological Assessment (2017), 33, pp. 224-238..
Van Ingen, Erik, et al. (2016). Predictors of Mobilizing Online Coping versus Offline Coping Resources after Negative Life Events. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 431-439.
Moreno, A.G. (2018). The Influence of Financial Knowledge and Self-perception on the Propensity to save for Retirement. University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business.
Gnambs, T., et al. (2018). The structure of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: A cross-cultural meta-analysis. Zeitschrift für Psychologie (2018), 226 , 14-29.
Gallego, A. et al. (2014). The Big Five Personality Traits and Attitudes Towards Immigrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(1), 79-99.
Splinter, M. (2014). Levenstevredenheid na pensionering. Bachelor thesis, Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam.
Weinhold, D. et al. (2017). Smoking Status and Subjective Well-Being. Tobacco Control , 26(2), pp. 195-201.
Lamers, S.M.A. et al. (2011). Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(1), pp. 99-110 .
Lamers, S.M.A. (2012). Positive mental health. PhD thesis, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente.
Fetvadjiev, V.H., et al. (2018). The longitudinal links of personality traits, values, and well-being and self-esteem: A five-wave study of a nationally representative sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, first published online November 5, 2018.
Schwaba, T., et al. (2018). Personality trait development across the transition to retirement.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Advance online publication.
Bleidorn, W., et al. (2018). Retirement is associated with change in self-esteem.. Psychology and Aging, 33(4), 586-594.
Schwaba, T., et al. (2017). Individual Differences in Personality Change Across the Adult Lifespan. Journal of Personality (2018), 86(3), 450-464.
Schwaba, T., et al. (2017). Openness to Experience and Culture-Openness Transactions Across the Lifespan.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(1), 118-136.
Bauer, P.C. (2018). Unemployment, Trust in Government, and Satisfaction with Democracy: An Empirical Investigation. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, volume 4.
Hounkpatin, H.O., et al. (2018). Modeling Bivariate Change in Individual Differences: Prospective Associations Between Personality and Life Satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(6), e12-e29.
Wielers, R.J.J., et al. (2018). Ongelijkheid en zelfrespect: het effect van inkomen en arbeidspositie. Tijdschrift voor Arbeidsvraagstukken (2018), 34(2), 221-237.
Van de Weijer, S.G.A. et al. (2017). Big Five Personality Trait of Cybercrime Victims. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(7), pp. 407-412..
Dorssers, J. (2020). Trust in e-commerce. Tilburg University.
Epskamp, S. (2020). Psychometric network models from time-series and panel data. Psychometrika, 85(1), 206-231.
Denissen, J. J. A., et al. (2019). Transactions between life events and personality traits across the adult lifespan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116(4), 612-633.
Vitriol, J. A., et al. (2019). The generalizability of personality effects in politics. European Journal of Personality, 33(6), 631-641.
Gustavsson, G. (2019). National attachment—Cohesive, divisive, or both? A reconsideration of the national identity argument through the lens of social identity theory. In G. Gustavsson & D. Miller (Eds.), Liberal nationalism and its critics (pp. 59-77).
Ceccarelli, G. (2020). Personalità, inerzia e possesso attività finanziarie. University of Rome Tor Vergata.
Verweij, R., et al. (2020). Three facets of planning and postponement of parenthood in the Netherlands. Demographic Research, 43(23), 659–672.
Chopik, W. J., et al. (2020). Changes in optimism and pessimism in response to life events: Evidence from three large panel studies. Journal of Research in Personality, 88(103985), 1-14.
van Lent, M. (2020). Fathering daughters and personality. Social Science Research Network, first published online December 28, 2020.
de Moor, E. L., et al. (2021). Self-esteem and satisfaction with social relationships across time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(1), 173–191.
Hopwood, C. J., et al. (2020). Health, environmental, and animal rights motives for vegetarian eating. PLoS ONE, 15(4), 1-20.
Stephan, Y., et al. (2020). Personality and Headaches. Psychosomatic Medicine, 83(2), 118-124.
Cheng, A., et al. (2020). Personality as a predictor of unit nonresponse in an Internet panel. Sociological Methods & Research, 49(3), 672-698.
Stephan, Y., et al. (2020). Personality and self-rated health across eight cohort studies. Social Science & Medicine, 263(113245), 1-10 .
Bais, F., et al. (2020). Investigating response patterns across surveys: Do respondents show consistency in undesirable answer behaviour over multiple surveys?. Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique, 147–148(1-2), 150–16.
Doornenbal, B. M. (2021). Big Five personality as a predictor of health: shortening the questionnaire through the elastic net. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 9(2), 159-164.
Bleidorn, W., et al. (2021). Charting self-esteem during marital dissolution. Journal of Personality, Journal of Personality, 89(1), 9-22.
Bakker, B. N., et al. (2021). Reconsidering the link between self-reported personality traits and political preferences. American Political Science Review, 115(4), 1482-1498.
van Dalen, H. P. et al. (2021). Hoe vertrouwen in politiek en maatschappij doorwerkt in vertrouwen in pensioeninstituties. Tijdschrift voor Politieke Economie Digitaal, 15(2), 53-70.
van den Berg, M. (2021). Het effect van subjectief welzijn op inkomen. Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Şengül Avşar, A. (2021). Aberrant individuals’ effects on fit indices both of confirmatory factor analysis and polytomous IRT models. Current Psychology, first published online March 23, 2021.
Keramari, A. (2018). Personality traits and job satisfaction among police officers. Tilburg University.
Asselmann, E., et al. (2021). Unraveling resilience: Personality predicts exposure and reaction to stressful life events. Personality Science, 2, 1-29.
van Leeuwen, B., et al. (2021). Household composition and preferences: A collective approach to household consumption. Review of Income and Wealth, 67(3), 591-615.
Bakker, B. N., et al. (2021). The populist appeal: Personality and anti-establishment communication. The Journal of Politics, 83(2), 589-601.
Stavrova, O., et al. (2021). Does using social media jeopardize well-being? The importance of separating within- from between-person effects. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(6), 964-973.
Kroencke, L., et al. (2021). How does substance use affect personality development? Disentangling between and within-person effects. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(4), 517-527.
Schwaba, T., et al. (2021). Log on and prosper? Little evidence for codevelopment between psychological adjustment and technology use in older adulthood. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(1), 67–77.
Ponce, F., et al. (2021). The use and abuse of wording factor with the RSES: A systematic review and derived indices estimation. Working paper, first published online October 25, 2021.
Kabátek, J., et al. (2021). Daughters and divorce. The Economic Journal, 131(637), 2144–2170.
Hadian Haghighi, E., et al. (2021). Towards hybrid profiling: Combining digital phenotyping with validated survey questions to balance data entry effort with predictive power. In 2021 International Symposium on Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering (pp. 585–593). ACM. .
van Dalen, H. P., et al. (2021). Hoe vertrouwen in politiek en maatschappij doorwerkt in vertrouwen in pensioeninstituties. Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement, Design paper No. 177.
Umer, H. (2022). Does pro-sociality or trust better predict staying home behavior during the Covid-19?. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 100, 1-31.
Joshanloo, M. (2022). Do cross-group differences in life satisfaction reflect measurement bias or true differences in life satisfaction? Evidence from a Dutch national sample. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 1-7.
Dudek, T., et al. (2022). No evidence that siblings’ gender affects personality across nine countries. Psychological Science, 33(9), 1574–1587.
Stephan, Y., et al. (2022). Personality and fatigue: Meta-analysis of seven prospective studies. Scientific Reports, 12, 1-8.
van Dijk, W. W., et al. (2022). The Psychological Inventory of Financial Scarcity (PIFS): A psychometric evaluation. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 101, 1-11.
Krämer, M. D., et al. (2022). The transition to grandparenthood: No consistent evidence for change in the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction. European Journal of Personality, first published online August 16, 2022.
Schwaba, T., et al. (2022). Internet use and cognitive engagement in older adulthood. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(5), 968–977 .
Kuper, N., et al. (2022). Who benefits from which activity? On the relations between personality traits, leisure activities, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, first published online August, 2022 .
Langenkamp, A. (2022). The influence of loneliness on perceived connectedness and trust beliefs – longitudinal evidence from the Netherlands. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, first published online December 8, 2022.
Scharl, A., et al. (2022). The impact of different methods to correct for response styles on the external validity of self-reports. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, first published Online September 29, 2022 .
Bliek, J. (2022). Geprikkeld door politieke preferenties. University of Groningen.
Facchini, A. (2022). Consumption and happiness. Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Joshanloo, M. (2022). Latent state-trait modeling of Satisfaction with Life Scale: An item-level analysis using Dutch panel data. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(7), 3429–3440.
Leopold, L. (2022). Ideal weight and satisfaction with weight: A study of life course trajectories and intercohort change. SocArXiv, first published online July 11, 2022.
Neerdaels, J., et al. (2022). It’s (a) shame: Why poverty leads to support for authoritarianism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, first published online December 28, 2022.
Erhardt, T. H., et al. (2022). Studying item effects and their correlation patterns with multi-construct multi-state models. PsyArXiv, first published online March 18, 2022 .
Baris Pekmezci, F. (2022). Bifactor and bifactor S-1 model estimations with non-reverse-coded data. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 13(3), 244-255.
Cernat, A., et al. (2022). How do social and economic status impact measurement error?. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, first published online October 8, 2022.
van der Meer, P. D. (2022). Job insecurity and mental health. Utrecht University.
Luo, J., et al. (2022). Personality and health: Disentangling their between-person and within-person relationship in three longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 122(3), 493–522.
Caille, P., et al. (2022). Personality and change in physical activity across 3–10 years. Psychology & Health, first published online June 29, 2022.
Stavrova, O., et al. (2022). Temporal dynamics of interpersonal trust during the transition to parenthood. Journal of Research in Personality, 97, 1-8.
Grimmelikhuijzen, M. R. (2013). Loneliness and well-being after partner loss: A large cross-sectional study. Utrecht University.
Beck, E. D., et al. (2022). A mega-analysis of personality predictions: Robustness and boundary conditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 122(3), 523–553.
Matusik, J. G., et al. (2021). Latent change score models for the study of development and dynamics in organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 24(4), 772-801.
Ramaekers, M. J. M., et al. (2022). Informal volunteering and socialization effects: Examining modelling and encouragement by parents and partner. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 33(2), 347–361.
Doornenbal, B. M., et al. (2022). Opening the black box: Uncovering the leader trait paradigm through machine learning. The Leadership Quarterly, 33(5), 1-12.
Ponce, F. P., et al. (2022). Wording effects in assessment: Missing the trees for the forest. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 57(5), 718-734.
Wright, A. J. et al. (2022). Are some people more consistent? Examining the stability and underlying processes of personality profile consistency.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 1409-1417.
Ren, D., et al. (2022). Nonlinear effect of social interaction quantity on psychological well-being: Diminishing returns or inverted U?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 122(6), 1056–1074.
Geppert, C., et al. (2023). Verhoging van minimumloon en bijstand als wondermiddel voor welvaart en welbevinden van de lage inkomensgroep?. Sociaal Cultureel Planbureau, February 15, 2023.
Arampatzi, E., et al. (2018). Social network sites, individual social capital and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19, 99-122.
Entringer, T. M., et al. (2023). No evidence for transactional effects between religiosity and self-esteem in a secular country. Social Psychological and Personality Science, first published online May 6, 2023 .
Olaru, G., et al. (2023). The link between personality, global, and domain-specific satisfaction across the adult lifespan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, first published online March 20, 2023.
Simonse, O., et al. (2022). The role of financial stress in mental health changes during COVID-19. Npj Mental Health Ressearch, 1(15), 1-10.
Ponce, F. P., et al. (2023). The ephemeral nature of wording effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, first published online June 29, 2023.
de Leeuw, E., et al. (2022). The Survey Attitude Scale. Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen (ZIS), first published online 2022.
Blaise, M., et al. (2023). Informal caregivers and life satisfaction: Empirical evidence from the Netherlands. Journal of Happiness Studies, first published online May 8, 2023.
Dillenseger, L., et al. (2019). Parental leave and life satisfaction: The Dutch case. Working paper No. 2019–26.
Rietman, L. (2023). Vertrouwen we elkaar nog?. University of Groningen.
Weekenborg, B. (2023). Living space size and well-being. Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Fernández, G. P. (2023). Does personality affect the allocation of resources within households?. KU Leuven, Discussion paper DPS23.11.
Buser, T., et al. (2023). The anatomy of competitiveness. IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Discussion Paper No. 16224.
Bleidorn, W., et al. (2023). Self-esteem and income over time. Psychological Science, 34(10), 1163-1172 .
Göritz, Anja S. et al. (2012). Reminders in Web-Based Data Collection : Increasing Response at the Price of retention?. American Journal of Evaluation, 33(2), 240-250.
Bloemen, H.G. (2013). Language proficiency of migrants: The relation with job satisfaction and matching. IZA Discussion Paper No. 7366.
Kroesen, M. (2014). Assessing mediators in the relationship between commute time and subjective well being: a structural equation analysis. submitted for the Transportation Research Board congres, January 2014 .
Grosz, M. P. (2023). The factor structure of Big Five personality trait measures at the between- and within-person levels. European Journal of Personality, first published online November 27, 2023.
Zainal, N. H., et al. (2023). Corrigendum: Curiosity does help to protect against anxiety and depression symptoms but not conversely. Journal of Affective Disorders, 323, 894-897.
Plaisier, I., et al. (2020). Welbevinden ten tijde van corona: oktober 2020. Signalement. Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, December 4, 2020.
de Klerk, M., et al. (2020). Welbevinden ten tijde van corona. Eerste bevindingen op basis van een bevolkingsenquête uit juli 2020. Sociaal Cultureel Planbureau, September 9, 2020.
Umer, H. (2023). The effects of COVID-19 on self-esteem: Panel data from the Netherlands. SSRN, first published online September 1, 2022.
Nielsen, Y. A., et al. (2023). Beyond the mean: Can we improve the predictive power of psychometric scales?. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 6(2), 1-15.
Stephan, Y., et al. (2023). Personality and risk of incident stroke in 6 prospective studies. Stroke, 54(8), 2069–2076.
Bleidorn, W., et al. (2023). Psychological change before and after religious conversion and deconversion. Journal of Personality, first published online September 4, 2023.
Stavrova, O., et al. (2023). Don’t drag me down: Valence asymmetry in well-being co-development in couples. Social Psychological and Personality Science, first published online October 31, 2023.
Schwaba, T., et al. (2023). Subjective experiences of life events match individual differences in personality development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 125(5), 1136–1156.
Ivanova, K., et al. (2024). Societal pessimism and the transition to parenthood: A future too bleak to have children?. Population and Development Review, first published online 21 March, 2024.
Manole, E. C., et al. (2024). Stress-related growth in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a panel study. Personality and Individual Differences, 222, 1-6.
Umer, H., et al. (2024). Positive and negative health events and trust. Empirica, 51, 459–479.
Wright, A. J., et al. (2023). Do changes in personality predict life outcomes?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 125(6), 1495-1518.
Wright, A. J., et al. (2024). The associations between life events and person-centered personality consistency. Journal of Personality, 92(1), 162–179.
Wright, A. J., et al. (2024). Longitudinal within-person variability around personality trajectories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, first published online 2024.
Clerkx, N. (2024). Community as a socioeconomic safety net?. Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Huang, K. -J. (2024). Does valuing happiness lead to well-being?. Psychological Science, first published online August 20, 2024.
Jing, E. L., et al. (2024). Role of work ethic in the work–life satisfaction relationship. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 39(1), 52-66.
Smallenbroek, O., et al. (2024). Age and gender differences in the value development of Dutch adults in 11 years of longitudinal data. Journal of Research in Personality, 113, 1-17.
Arndt, E., et al. (2024). Mehrebenenanalyse im längsschnittdesign. .
Seifert, I. S. (2024). The influence of age on stability and change in personality. Leipzig University.
Rajki, G. (2024). The influence of creative activities on well-Being: A longitudinal study. Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Nissen, A., et al. (2024). Leisure travel and life satisfaction in a Dutch sample. Personality Science, 6, 1-14.
Hakvoort, L. J. R. (2024). Immigration perceptions. Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Umer, H. (2023). Gender differences in temporal stability and decay in stability of trust. Theory and Decision, first published online November 2, 2023.
Burger, M. J., et al. (2023). Subjective well-being and populist voting in the Netherlands. Journal of Happiness Studies, 24(7), 2331–2352.
Dillenseger, L., et al. (2023). Part-time parental leave and life satisfaction: Evidence from the Netherlands. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 18(5), 1-23.
Seifert, I. S., et al. (2024). Using within-person change in three large panel studies to estimate personality age trajectories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 126(1), 150-174.
van der Velden, P. G., et al. (2024). The influence of the big five personality factors on mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective study. Psychological Reports, first published online November 21, 2024.
Chakroun, N. (2024). Predicting fertility (as a part of the PreFer data challenge). Utrecht University.
Sobiechowska, M. A. (2024). Emotional compass: What drives us to share GPS locations online?. Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Parise, G., et al. (2024). Noncognitive determinants of retirement. Wharton Pension Research Council, Working Paper No. 2024-12.
Cassens, L., et al. (2024). Noise annoyance, personality, and health: A longitudinal analysis. Proceedings of the 30th International Congress on Sound and Vibration Article 707.
Stephan, Y., et al. (2024). Personality and risk of arthritis in six longitudinal samples. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 79(6), 1000-1011.
Mulder, J. D., et al. (2024). Joint effects in cross-lagged panel research using structural nested mean models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 32(2), 339-355.
Stephana, Y., et al. (2024). Personality traits and polypharmacy: Meta-analysis of five samples. Psychology & Health, first published online May 19, 2024.