Coronacrisis and loneliness
Single Wave Study
General Information
Title
Coronacrisis and loneliness
Project Number
227
Abstract
The survey is about experiences of loneliness in times of COVID19.
Longitudinal Type
Single Wave Study
Begin date
11-05-2020
End date
26-05-2020
Topics
Researcher
Manon van Scheppingen and colleagues (Tilburg University)
Publisher
CentERdata
Copyright
© 2021 CentERdata
Funding Organization
Tilburg University
ODISSEI
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
VWS
ODISSEI
OCW (Domeinplan SSH)
VWS
DOI
https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-zne-2bat
Datasets and documentation
View Documentation
Codebook in English
Codebook in Dutch
Data Files
English SPSS file
English STATA file
Variables
| Variable name | Variable Label | Variable Type |
|---|---|---|
| nomem_encr | Number of the household member encrypted | preloaded |
| qo20a_m | Year and month of the field work period | constructed |
| qo20a001 | Preload variable | preloaded |
| qo20a002 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: romantic partner | directly measured |
| qo20a003 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: parent(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a004 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: sibling(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a005 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: child(ren) | directly measured |
| qo20a006 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: other family members | directly measured |
| qo20a007 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: friend(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a008 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: colleague(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a009 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: house mates | directly measured |
| qo20a010 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: another member of the same association/club | directly measured |
| qo20a011 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: a member of the same communal residence | directly measured |
| qo20a012 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: neighbors | directly measured |
| qo20a013 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: classmates or fellow students | directly measured |
| qo20a014 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: acquaintances | directly measured |
| qo20a015 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: strangers | directly measured |
| qo20a016 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: other, specifically | directly measured |
| qo20a017 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: nobody | directly measured |
| qo20a018 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in the past month: other, specifically [text] | directly measured |
| qo20a019 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: romantic partner | directly measured |
| qo20a020 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: parent(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a021 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: sibling(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a022 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: child(ren) | directly measured |
| qo20a023 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: other family members | directly measured |
| qo20a024 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: friend(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a025 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: colleague(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a026 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: house mates | directly measured |
| qo20a027 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: another member of the same association/club | directly measured |
| qo20a028 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: a member of the same communal residence | directly measured |
| qo20a029 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: neighbors | directly measured |
| qo20a030 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: classmates or fellow students | directly measured |
| qo20a031 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: acquaintances | directly measured |
| qo20a032 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: strangers | directly measured |
| qo20a033 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: other, specifically | directly measured |
| qo20a034 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: nobody | directly measured |
| qo20a035 | Please indicate who you have been in contact with in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: other, specifically [text] | directly measured |
| qo20a036 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: romantic partner | directly measured |
| qo20a037 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: parent(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a038 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: sibling(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a039 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: child(ren) | directly measured |
| qo20a040 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: other family members | directly measured |
| qo20a041 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: friend(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a042 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: house mates | directly measured |
| qo20a043 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: a member of the same communal residence | directly measured |
| qo20a044 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: other, specifically | directly measured |
| qo20a045 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: nobody | directly measured |
| qo20a046 | Please indicate all the people with whom you have shared a home in the past month: other, specifically [text] | directly measured |
| qo20a047 | Are these the same people with whom you shared a home in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak? | directly measured |
| qo20a048 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: romantic partner | directly measured |
| qo20a049 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: parent(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a050 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: sibling(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a051 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: child(ren) | directly measured |
| qo20a052 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: other family members | directly measured |
| qo20a053 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: friend(s) | directly measured |
| qo20a054 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: house mates | directly measured |
| qo20a055 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: a member of the same communal residence | directly measured |
| qo20a056 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: other, specifically | directly measured |
| qo20a057 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: nobody | directly measured |
| qo20a058 | Please indicate all the people with whom you shared a home in the months before the coronavirus outbreak: other, specifically [text] | directly measured |
| qo20a059 | Please indicate how often you have been in contact with the following people in the past month: your romantic partner | directly measured |
| qo20a060 | Please indicate how often you have been in contact with the following people in the past month: [other] people with whom you shared a home | directly measured |
| qo20a061 | Please indicate how often you have been in contact with the following people in the past month: friends with whom you did NOT share a home | directly measured |
| qo20a062 | Please indicate how often you have been in contact with the following people in the past month: family members with whom you did NOT share a home (e.g. children not living at home) | directly measured |
| qo20a063 | Please indicate how often you have been in contact with the following people in the past month: people at a greater distance (e.g. acquaintances or colleagues at work) | directly measured |
| qo20a064 | Please indicate how often you have been in contact with the following people in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: your romantic partner | directly measured |
| qo20a065 | Please indicate how often you have been in contact with the following people in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: [other] people with whom you shared a home | directly measured |
| qo20a066 | Please indicate how often you have been in contact with the following people in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: friends with whom you did NOT share a home | directly measured |
| qo20a067 | Please indicate how often you have been in contact with the following people in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: family members with whom you did NOT share a home (e.g. children not living at home) | directly measured |
| qo20a068 | Please indicate how often you have been in contact with the following people in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: people at a greater distance (e.g. acquaintances or colleagues at work) | directly measured |
| qo20a069 | How satisfied were you about the contact with your partner in the past month? | directly measured |
| qo20a070 | How satisfied were you about the contact with your partner in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak? | directly measured |
| qo20a071 | How satisfied were you about the contact with [other] people with whom you shared a home in the past month? | directly measured |
| qo20a072 | How satisfied were you about the contact with [other] people with whom you shared a home in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak? | directly measured |
| qo20a073 | How satisfied were you about the contact with friends with whom you did NOT share a home in the past month? | directly measured |
| qo20a074 | How satisfied were you about the contact with friends with whom you did NOT share a home in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak? | directly measured |
| qo20a075 | How satisfied were you about the contact with family members with whom you did NOT share a home (e.g. children not living at home) in the past month? | directly measured |
| qo20a076 | How satisfied were you about the contact with family members with whom you did NOT share a home (e.g. children not living at home) in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak? | directly measured |
| qo20a077 | How satisfied were you about the contact with other people at a greater distance (e.g. acquaintances or colleagues at work) in the past month? | directly measured |
| qo20a078 | How satisfied were you about the contact with other people at a greater distance (e.g. acquaintances or colleagues at work) in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak? | directly measured |
| qo20a079 | Please indicate how often you were in touch with people (inside AND outside your household) using the following communication channels in the past month: Face-to-face contact | directly measured |
| qo20a080 | Please indicate how often you were in touch with people (inside AND outside your household) using the following communication channels in the past month: Calling | directly measured |
| qo20a081 | Please indicate how often you were in touch with people (inside AND outside your household) using the following communication channels in the past month: Private direct text messaging | directly measured |
| qo20a082 | Please indicate how often you were in touch with people (inside AND outside your household) using the following communication channels in the past month: Public online communities | directly measured |
| qo20a083 | Please indicate how often you were in touch with people (inside AND outside your household) using the following communication channels in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: Face-to-face contact | directly measured |
| qo20a084 | Please indicate how often you were in touch with people (inside AND outside your household) using the following communication channels in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: Calling | directly measured |
| qo20a085 | Please indicate how often you were in touch with people (inside AND outside your household) using the following communication channels in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: Private direct text messaging | directly measured |
| qo20a086 | Please indicate how often you were in touch with people (inside AND outside your household) using the following communication channels in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: Public online communities | directly measured |
| qo20a087 | On days on which you were in touch with other people using the communication channels below, for how long on average did the contact last per day in the past month: Face-to-face contact | directly measured |
| qo20a088 | On days on which you were in touch with other people using the communication channels below, for how long on average did the contact last per day in the past month: Calling | directly measured |
| qo20a089 | On days on which you were in touch with other people using the communication channels below, for how long on average did the contact last per day in the past month: Private direct text messaging | directly measured |
| qo20a090 | On days on which you were in touch with other people using the communication channels below, for how long on average did the contact last per day in the past month: Public online communities | directly measured |
| qo20a091 | On days on which you were in touch with other people using the communication channels below, for how long on average did the contact last per day in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: Face-to-face contact | directly measured |
| qo20a092 | On days on which you were in touch with other people using the communication channels below, for how long on average did the contact last per day in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: Calling | directly measured |
| qo20a093 | On days on which you were in touch with other people using the communication channels below, for how long on average did the contact last per day in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: Private direct text messaging | directly measured |
| qo20a094 | On days on which you were in touch with other people using the communication channels below, for how long on average did the contact last per day in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak: Public online communities | directly measured |
| qo20a095 | How often did you experience a dispute or conflict with the people who are most important to you in the past month? | directly measured |
| qo20a096 | How often did you experience a dispute or conflict with the people who are most important to you in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak? | directly measured |
| qo20a097 | How much support did you experience from the people who are most important to you in the past month? | directly measured |
| qo20a098 | How much support did you experience from the people who are most important to you in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak? | directly measured |
| qo20a099 | How connected have you felt with the people who are most important to you in the past month? | directly measured |
| qo20a100 | How connected have you felt with the people who are most important to you in a typical month before the coronavirus outbreak? | directly measured |
| qo20a101 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Using video apps to call (e.g., Skype) | directly measured |
| qo20a102 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Calling on the phone or app (no video) | directly measured |
| qo20a103 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Video calling to share activities (e.g., play games, work out together) | directly measured |
| qo20a104 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Being active on public online communities (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) | directly measured |
| qo20a105 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Chatting via private messages (e.g., WhatsApp) | directly measured |
| qo20a106 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Sharing photos and videos (e.g., instagram) | directly measured |
| qo20a107 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Meeting people outside the house (e.g., taking a walk) | directly measured |
| qo20a108 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Sending letters, postcards or gifts | directly measured |
| qo20a109 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Setting goals to have a minimum of social contact [..] | directly measured |
| qo20a110 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Spending quality time with household members [..] | directly measured |
| qo20a111 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Sharing / discussing corona news with others | directly measured |
| qo20a112 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Visiting someone or having someone come visit | directly measured |
| qo20a113 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Offering help to others (doing groceries, share childcare, etc.) | directly measured |
| qo20a114 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: Sex (e.g., with steady partner or loose relationship) | directly measured |
| qo20a115 | Due to the coronavirus situation, we no longer have the same opportunities for social interaction as previously. Please indicate what strategies you have used to deal with this: I have not used any of these strategies | directly measured |
| qo20a116 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Sport (e.g., workout from home) | directly measured |
| qo20a117 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Going outside | directly measured |
| qo20a118 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Gardening | directly measured |
| qo20a119 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Housekeeping, house decoration or home improvement | directly measured |
| qo20a120 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Follow online courses (webinars, etc.) | directly measured |
| qo20a121 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Self-care (eating healthy, sleeping) | directly measured |
| qo20a122 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Reading | directly measured |
| qo20a123 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Avoiding the news | directly measured |
| qo20a124 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Staying informed about the coronavirus outbreak | directly measured |
| qo20a125 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Watching TV (movies/Netflix) | directly measured |
| qo20a126 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Listening to radio/music | directly measured |
| qo20a127 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Praying | directly measured |
| qo20a128 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Meditation | directly measured |
| qo20a129 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Establishing an everyday routine [..] | directly measured |
| qo20a130 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Writing in a journal | directly measured |
| qo20a131 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Humor (looking at funny pictures, memes, etc.) | directly measured |
| qo20a132 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Activities (games, hobbies) or things to do alone [..] | directly measured |
| qo20a133 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Spending time on work | directly measured |
| qo20a134 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Focusing on pets | directly measured |
| qo20a135 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: Masturbation | directly measured |
| qo20a136 | There are also other strategies to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus. Please indicate which of these strategies you have used to deal with this: I have not used any of these strategies | directly measured |
| qo20a137 | What else have you done to deal with the changes to social interaction due to coronavirus? | directly measured |
| qo20a138 | How satisfied are you with...your social contacts? | directly measured |
| qo20a139 | How satisfied are you with...your current relationship? | directly measured |
| qo20a140 | How satisfied are you with...your situation as a single? | directly measured |
| qo20a141 | How satisfied are you with...your family life? | directly measured |
| qo20a142 | To what extent do the following statements apply to you, based on how you are feeling at present? - I have a sense of emptiness around me | directly measured |
| qo20a143 | To what extent do the following statements apply to you, based on how you are feeling at present? - There are enough people I can count on in case of a misfortune | directly measured |
| qo20a144 | To what extent do the following statements apply to you, based on how you are feeling at present? - I know a lot of people that I can fully rely on | directly measured |
| qo20a145 | To what extent do the following statements apply to you, based on how you are feeling at present? - There are enough people to whom I feel closely connected | directly measured |
| qo20a146 | To what extent do the following statements apply to you, based on how you are feeling at present? - I miss having people around me | directly measured |
| qo20a147 | To what extent do the following statements apply to you, based on how you are feeling at present? - I often feel deserted | directly measured |
| qo20a148 | In the past month, how often have you felt lonely? | directly measured |
| qo20a149 | Was it difficult to answer the questions? | directly measured |
| qo20a150 | Were the questions sufficiently clear? | directly measured |
| qo20a151 | Did the questionnaire get you thinking about things? | directly measured |
| qo20a152 | Was it an interesting subject? | directly measured |
| qo20a153 | Did you enjoy answering the questions? | directly measured |
| qo20a154 | Starting date questionnaire | constructed |
| qo20a155 | Starting time questionnaire | constructed |
| qo20a156 | End date questionnaire | constructed |
| qo20a157 | End time questionnaire | constructed |
| qo20a158 | Duration in seconds | derived |
Questions
Questionnaire: Coronacrisis and loneliness
The questionnaire was administered in Dutch
Browse Coronacrisis and lonelinessResponse Information
Response Overview
Selected number of household members: 2,399 (100.0%)Non-response: 390 (16.3%)
Response: 2,009 (83.7%)
Complete: 1,992 (83.0%)
Incomplete: 17 (0.7%)
Collection Events
Period
11-05-2020 to 26-05-2020
Sample
Panel members aged 16+ who also completed the LISS core studies Personality and Social Integration and Leisure
Collection Mode
internet survey
Fieldwork Note
A reminder was sent twice to non-respondents
Publications
Changes in loneliness and coping strategies during COVID-19 Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 17(12), e12895; van Scheppingen, M. A.,
et al.